Slavery and African Slave Traders free essay sample

How was contracted bondage in the settlements? Was it entirely different from being a slave? : Indentured hirelings either consented to serve for an expressed period as a rule around five years or upon appearance to the states they bartered with rich Englishmen, Dutchmen or High German, for to what extent they would serve for their section cash. In the settlements contracted hirelings where under severe control of their lords and were not given any remuneration for their work.It was a lot of like bondage yet not all things be the equivalent. Arrangement was an agreement and not at all like slaves hirelings could sue their lords on the off chance that they neglected to satisfy their half Of the deal. Where as slaves had no social liberties by any stretch of the imagination. Likewise not at all like slaves workers had the option to be liberated after they have finished their long periods of work. Normally the previous hireling was entitled an outfit with that most workers become land proprietors. 2. Look at/differentiate the Middle Passage to the journey of obligated workers. We will compose a custom paper test on Servitude and African Slave Traders or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page In The Middle Passage they were not regarded equivalent to were the individuals in The journey of the Indentured Seen,ants . The individuals in the Middle section were beaten and denied of food considerably after the team was full from eating fish they didn't offer any to the slaves. The workers were permitted to bring their own food or beverages which most despite everything turned sour however they were not denied altogether of food. When the hirelings got to the states in the event that they had paid their section they were allowed to go not at all like the slaves that were sold.The state of living on the two boats were a lot of equivalent to far as the ailments and ailment that tormented the two boats. 3. Look at/balance Aloud Quinoas report with Alexander Falsifications. Are these archives dependable? Why or why not? The two records are close to home records of what each man saw on the slave ships. The two reports discussed sickness, lack of healthy sustenance, and discipline suffered by the slaves. Accept both of the reports are a solid source since the two of them talked about moderately indistinguishable conditions from the other.Both of the archives discussed African slave brokers that exchanged and offered African captives to the slave exchange. In the two entries they discussed the significantly more savage discipline the slaves would experience from the white men rather than their earlier dark proprietors. 4. Whom did the slave exchange serve? What number of various sorts of individuals were included? The slave exchange served chiefly American dealers. For the lion's share French, Dutch, English, and African slave dealers. Slave boats would travel to another country and catch the greatest number of individuals they could oppress.

Why fashion is important Free Essays

A few, of us were brought into the world cherishing style and some equitable weren’t. Regardless of whether you love it or loathe it your own style and design is essential to whom you are as an individual. Why? Since it reflects you as a person; alongside when you look great, you feel better! Style can change your character I mean isn’t it astonishing how garments can make an individual? Have you, at any point heard the expression â€Å"you are what you wear†? Indeed! Indeed in light of the fact that more than 20%of us rabbit this expression on an everyday inclination. We will compose a custom paper test on Why style is significant or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now Our garments reveal to us who we are in a general public and enlighten others regarding our characters, our needs, needs, gifts, attitudes and goal. It has been said by Mrs. Rosie Montage, educator of social brain research that 98% of what we state doesn't originate from our mouth. In the event that in this way, at that point dress is an extremely quiet however massively ground-breaking communicator. It can disguise or conceal; it can construct or annihilate a picture, it can say â€Å"I am tantamount to you†, â€Å"I have the equivalent interest†, â€Å"I am important†, â€Å"I am not important† or even â€Å"I pay attention to myself and work as well! In any case, by passing judgment on somebody dependent on their appearance causes them to feel second rate. Why? Since you are expecting that you realize them better than they know themselves; that’s only misleading as each and every human sees the world through various eyes! Never the less appearance is all so fundamental as it is the main noticeable piece of information to people, independence, which has now gotten a mean for us people to assess others. We just do this by surveying the outfit the individual is wearing the second they go into a room. The dominant part, of you appropriately imagine that style is about extravagant garments, long snake skin stilettos slopes and exquisite models. However, to be straightforward it is an industry that gives a type of gaining and future for over 25% of individuals in our general public. As we as a whole realize style is a gigantic industry which contributes the economy y by giving work to individuals like material specialists, architects, produces, businesspeople and models. Bar slowing down into the business is strikingly hard because of this most laborers at the base of the hierarchal graph don't pick up as much pay throughout the years. For example we frequently observe on TV models looking rich and well off yet that’s a long way from reality as 5% experience the ill effects of dietary problems as they attempt to satisfy the designer’s requests and furthermore go after the main spot of top model! One thing that truly disturbs me about our general public today is the frightful disposition that a few people have towards the style business. You do realize that style isn't about garments, shoes, and make up and that there is a logical side to it; your appropriately thinking about how? Well new materials, for example, nylon, Orlon and Dacron were found by style architects. These materials are known utilized in most item handling industry everywhere throughout the world! In spite of the fact that style architects got to the new materials first many contend that researcher would have appropriately found the source first if design didn't meddle! Design. Well what's going on here? It’s a sweet evil spirit somewhere inside each and every one of us which fills our lives with fascinating hues and awesome creation! In any case, for what reason do I need you to accept its so significant, in light of the fact that it convey a message of permutes significance to our friends as well as to others we don't converse with legitimately; Believe it or not insights show that being sharp looking is mentally significant on the grounds that positive about our appearances prompts sure about our accomplishment throughout everyday life and on the off chance that your that one individual who doesn’t care about design and style, at that point your truly not living to your true abilities! Step by step instructions to refer to Why design is significant, Papers

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Variation

Definition and Examples of Linguistic Variation The term etymological variety (or essentially variety) alludes to territorial, social, or relevant contrasts in the manners in which that a specific language is utilized. Variety between dialects, lingos, and speakers is known as interspeaker variety. Variety inside the language of a solitary speaker is called intraspeaker variety. Since the ascent of sociolinguistics during the 1960s, enthusiasm for semantic variety (likewise called phonetic variability)â has grew quickly. R.L. Trask takes note of that variety, a long way from being fringe and unimportant, is an indispensable piece of customary etymological conduct (Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics, 2007). The conventional investigation of variety is known as variationist (socio)linguistics. All parts of language (counting phonemes, morphemes, syntactic structures, and implications) are dependent upon variety. Models and Observations Phonetic variety is fundamental to the investigation of language use. Truth be told it is difficult to contemplate the language structures utilized in characteristic writings without being gone up against with the issue of semantic fluctuation. Fluctuation is characteristic in human language: a solitary speaker will utilize distinctive semantic structures on various events, and various speakers of a language will communicate similar implications utilizing various structures. The greater part of this variety is exceptionally orderly: speakers of a language settle on decisions in elocution, morphology, word decision, and syntax relying upon various non-semantic variables. These elements incorporate the speakers reason in correspondence, the connection among speaker and listener, the creation conditions, and different segment affiliations that a speaker can have.(Randi Reppen et al., Using Corpora to Explore Linguistic Variation. John Benjamins, 2002)Linguistic Variation and Sociolingui stic VariationThere areâ two kinds of language variety: etymological and sociolinguistic. With phonetic variety, the rotation between components is completely compelled by the etymological setting wherein they happen. With sociolinguistic variety, speakersâ can pick between components in the equivalent phonetic setting and, henceforth the rotation is probabilistic. Besides, the likelihood of one formâ being picked over another is likewise influenced in a probabilistic manner by a scope of extra-semantic variables [e.g. the level of (in)formality of the subject being talked about, the societal position of the speaker and of the conversationalist, the setting where correspondence happens, etc.](Raymond Mougeon et al., The Sociolinguistic Competence of Immersion Students. Multilingual Matters, 2010) Provincial VariationA tongue is variety in language structure and jargon notwithstanding stable varieties. For instance, in the event that one individual articulates the sentence John is a rancher and another says a similar thing aside from articulates the word rancher as fahmuh, at that point the thing that matters is one of emphasize. In any case, on the off chance that one individual says something like You ought not do that and another says Ya hadnt oughta do that, at that point this is a lingo contrast on the grounds that the variety is more prominent. The degree of lingo contrasts is a continuum. A few vernaculars are incredibly extraordinary and others less so.(Donald G. Ellis, From Language to Communication. Routledge, 1999)Types of Variation[R]egional variety is just one of numerous potential kinds of contrasts among speakers of a similar language. For instance, there are word related tongues (the word bugs implies something very extraordinary to a software engineer and an e xterminator), sexual vernaculars (ladies are unquestionably more probable than men to call another house cute), and instructive lingos (the more training individuals have, the more uncertain they are to utilize twofold negatives). There are vernaculars old enough (youngsters have their own slang, and even the phonology of more seasoned speakers is probably going to contrast from that of youthful speakers in the equivalent topographical area) and lingos of social setting (we don't talk indistinguishable route to our private companions from we do to new associates, to the paperboy, or to our boss). . . . [R]egional vernaculars are just one of numerous kinds of etymological variation.(C. M. Millward and Mary Hayes, A Biography of the English Language, third ed. Wadsworth, 2012) Phonetic Variables-[T]he acquaintance of the quantitative methodology with language portrayal has uncovered importantâ patterns of semantic conduct which were beforehand imperceptible. The idea of a sociolinguistic variable has gotten vital to theâ description of discourse. A variable is some purpose of utilization for which at least two contending structures are accessible in a network, with speakers indicating intriguing and huge contrasts in the recurrence with which they utilize some of these contending forms.Furthermore, it has been found that variety is regularly the vehicle of language change.(R.L. Trask, Key Concepts in Language and Linguistics. Routledge, 1999/2005)- Lexical factors are genuinely direct, as long as we can show that the two variantssuch as the decision among pop and fly for a carbonated refreshment in American Englishrefer to a similar element. Consequently, on account of pop and pop, we have to consider that for some U.S. southerners, Coke (when used to allude to a drink and not the steel-production fuel or the illegal opiate) has a similar referent as pop, while in different pieces of the U.S., Coke alludes to a solitary brand/kind of the refreshment . . ..(Scott F. Kiesling, Linguistic Variation and Change. Edinburgh University Press, 2011)

US vs. British English Knowing the Difference

US versus English Knowing the Difference US versus English: Knowing the Difference Those insane Brits with their Royal Families and decimal standards for measuring (among other unusual things). Whatll they consider straightaway? We’re speculating progressively etymological stunts, as they’ve as of now got a lot of peculiar spellings moving on. It’s in this way essential to know the contrasts among US and British English, particularly since British spellings are confounding at times. That is to say, gone ahead Britain, who spells â€Å"center† with â€Å"re† toward the end? Because you imagined English doesn’t mean you’re right. In this, we go through a portion of the contrasts among US and British English, which should help you when perusing writings distributed in the UK or composing for a British crowd. Spelling Differences As opposed to concentrate on singular words, it’s simpler to become familiar with the efficient contrasts among US and UK spelling: - er/ - re English is loaded with words acquired from different dialects, and British spelling will in general keep the first structures. This remembers for words that end - er/ - re, for example, â€Å"center† (UK = â€Å"centre†) and â€Å"fiber† (UK = â€Å"fibre†). - or/ - our Another word completion of post for is - or/ - our, since British spelling adds a â€Å"u† to words like â€Å"humor†Ã‚ (UK = â€Å"humour†) and â€Å"color† (UK = â€Å"colour†). - ize/ - ise Words that end â€Å"-ize† in US English †like â€Å"characterize† or â€Å"organize† †can likewise be spelt with â€Å"-ise† in British English (e.g., â€Å"characterise† and â€Å"organise†). The equivalent applies to varieties of these words where â€Å"-z-† shows up in the center (e.g., â€Å"organization† can likewise be spelt â€Å"organisation† in the UK). Abnormally, albeit British English acknowledges either â€Å"-ize† or â€Å"-ise,† this isn’t the situation when a word is spelt with a â€Å"-yze.† As such, words like â€Å"analyze† are consistently spelt with a â€Å"s† (i.e., â€Å"analyse†) in the UK. Vowel + L Words that end in a vowel in addition to a â€Å"-l,† like â€Å"travel† or â€Å"shovel,† utilize a twofold â€Å"l† in British English while including a postfix starting with a vowel (e.g., â€Å"-ing,† â€Å"-ed,† â€Å"-er†). For instance, in the UK, â€Å"traveling,† â€Å"traveled† and â€Å"traveler† become â€Å"travelling,† â€Å"travelled† and â€Å"traveller† individually. - s-/ - c- A few words that contain a â€Å"s† in US English are spelt with a delicate â€Å"c† in British English, especially when the word closes â€Å"-ense.† â€Å"Offense† and â€Å"defense,† for example, are spelt â€Å"offence† and â€Å"defence† in the UK. Confusingly, the British likewise have two spellings for â€Å"practice.† This relies upon whether it’s utilized as a thing (â€Å"practice†) or an action word (â€Å"practise†), so it pays to be cautious with these words. Jargon Just as spelling, there are numerous distinctions in jargon among US and British English. In the USA, for instance, we stroll along the walkway, eating a treat while in transit to the motion pictures. In any case, in Britain they stroll along the asphalt, eating a scone while in transit to the film. We won’t list all the distinctions here, however it’s worth remembering jargon if you’re composing for a British crowd.

Corporate Bankruptcy Essay -- Business Management

Corporate Bankruptcy Building an effective business is exceptionally troublesome and while doing so some may experience money related hardship. The law has built up a procedure that can help salvage organizations. This is called liquidation. What is chapter 11 to an organization? How does insolvency salvage organizations? The peruser will comprehend the importance of chapter 11 to an organization, be acquainted with kinds of procedures, and relate to organizations that have been protected by liquidation procedures. Chapter 11 is a government arrangement of resolutions and courts which licenses people and organizations which can't pay indebted individuals or now and again face potential indebtedness, to put their money related duties heavily influenced by the liquidation court (www.law.com). The manner in which this works is that when the business' obligations surpass its advantages or can't pay, the business can document an appeal with the chapter 11 court. This called petitioning for willful chapter 11. In the event that a business doesn't seek financial protection the unpaid leasers can record an automatic request to constrain the business into chapter 11 (www.law.com). It is better and generally normal for organizations for document deliberate chapter 11 (www.law.com). There are three kinds of petitions: Chapter 7, Chapter 11 and Chapter 13 (www.law.com). The most well known is for business to request of is under Chapter 7 (www.law.com). In Chapter 7, organizations are named a trustee by the court (www.law.com). The trustee resembles a budgetary wizard. The trustee tallies up the organizations resources with the plans of keeping them from the insolvency, pays obligations the business owes with paying expenses first (www.law.com). The trustee at that point centers around paying made sure about obligations, for example, contracts and ultimately debts without collateral (www.law.com). At that point the court formally proclaims the business bankrupt and releases the unpayable obligations, this is a lost for the leasers (www.law.com). Recording a chapter 11 appeal will suspend all current legitimate activities like dispossession and other burden of judgment. Organizations can't petition for financial protection again for a long time (www.law.com). Section 11 insolvency permits a business to redesign and renegotiate to forestall disengagement of the association (www.law.com). More often than not there is no trustee selected, however the business is offered time to introduce an arrangement of redesign (www.law.com). This doesn't generally function admirably for busines... ...mart.com). This is new recuperation and Kmart has far to go as indicated by ABC news. All in all, insolvency is a path for organizations to protect themselves when in money related hardship. Only one out of every odd organization will make it. Some might be lost, however the law gives each business the chance to battle for it's endurance. 3M, NationsRent, and Kmart have all endured and they are searching for a promising future. Work Cited 3M Company website page. Http://www.3m.com Organization News; Citing Weak Demand, 3M Says it is Cutting 125 Jobs, New York Times, 2003.Section C. P.4. Http://www.newyorktimes.com Law Dictionary, http://www.law.com Lorrie Grant. Kmart should leave Chapter 11 unobtrusively, master say. USA Today. April 2004 Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company (3M) International Directory of Company Histories, Vol. 26. St. James Press, 1999. Replicated in Business and Company Resource Center. Farmington Hills, Mich.: Gale Group. 2006. Http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/BCRC NationsRent Company page. Http://www.nationsrent.com Troy Bryant. NationsRent, Hoover.com, http://www.hovers.com/nationsrent/ - ID_57275- -/free-co-factsheet.xhtml. retreived July 12, 2006

You Prep, I Prep, We All Prep

You Prep, I Prep, We All Prep It’s that time of year again. I remember it well. I intended to write this post before AP exams hit, but I just checked the CollegeBoard schedule and realized that unfortunately you’re all almost done with AP exams. However, the following are mostly general study tips that could be applied to pretty much anything, so if you’re still doing some last-minute cramming for that week of IB exams, SAT Subject tests, the June SAT (is that still a thing?) or your school is like my high school and has finals the last week of May, then I hope this will be helpful! I myself am pretty stressed out too, but I have always used blagging as a study break anyway (this job is so convenient!). I decided to create this post as a practical guide to preparing (or at least a guide to how I prepare) in the hope that it might help some of you. Writing down my own strategies is nice, because it reminds me that I have strategies, and makes me feel less like I’ve been thrown into a pit of tigers to fend for myself with a toothpick. When I feel really overwhelmed, creating some kind of plan, whether I actually follow it or not, at least allows me to calm down and start doing something. Standardized Exams I recently received this tumblr question about the SAT, which partly inspired this post. Let me tell you, I am your go to gal for SAT tests, they are my forte in the world of arbitrary national assessments. The first SAT test I took was in 7th gradeI don’t really remember why, but I took it. In high school, I took four practice exams (four horrible Saturdays during which I gave up four hours of my life I’ll never get back) as part of a one month prep course through my school, and my mother and I spent even more hours on even more Saturdays in Panera Bread, going over all the mistakes I made. I took two actual SAT exams, and I took four SAT Subject TestsBio, Chem, Math I and Math II. I prepared for the last three of those in just two hellish weeks of cramming because we all forgot MIT required both a math and science. It was my last chance before early applications to get my best possible score on each, so I took as many as I could at once. So, yeah, I know my stuff, y’allat least until 2016, when the entire format changes and you will all have no use for me.* I always used Princeton Review for SAT prep, and also for AP Exam prep. Barron’s Test Prep is the most thorough for really any testâ€"but if you’re in a time crunch, it’s difficult to glean out the important stuff. If you have time, go with Barron’s and use it for at least a month prior to the test if you really want to prepare well for a standardized test on your ownthis worked well for many people. If you want to prepare for subject tests and APs, I still think Princeton Review is really, really nice, particularly if you’ve already taken the class (which, I hope you have. If not, you could try Barron’s, but I really think it’s best to take all your subject tests/APs in the classes you’ve taken, if at all possible). The two weeks I spent cramming for subject tests were with Princeton review books. I worked through both the Chemistry prep book and the Math II prep book, from start to finish, on top of my regular homework. It was pretty awful, and I wouldn’t suggest it; take tests as early as you can! But since I was in such a time crunch, I printed out these little empty thermometers: I pasted one each to the front of each prep book, labeled all the little lines with the chapter numbers, and each time I completed a chapter I filled it in until I was done. I did one math, one chemistry chapter each, about three each a night. I sometimes doubled up on math, I think, because it had more chapters. That was crazy. Still don’t know how I did it. I highly recommend these silly thermometers. Watching it fill up is just really motivating somehow! You can use it a little more slowly and carefully if you use Barron’s test prep, or simply if you have more time. I would also highly suggest taking a practice SAT test like it were the real thingâ€"sit down for four hours, do it, take all the allotted breaks, score yourself. If you can’t do that by yourself, look around your school or local community for free practice test/test prep resources. Ask a teacher or a guidance counselorâ€"maybe one of them would simply be willing to help you, even if there’s no formal resource available, and they will definitely at least try to link you to something. While you definitely don’t need to take a prep class, if you’re willing/can afford it, consider it. I didâ€"it was fairly cheap since it was through my school, and it did help. Mainly, it helped because it offered four proctored SAT practice exams that were as close to the real thing as possible. But actually, I think what helped the most was my motherâ€"who, every weekend, would go over what I did in the prep class with me and the previous practice exams, and we would talk through all the stuff I did wrong. We used to sit in Panera Bread for hours and hours, constantly getting tea refills…. Do not pay exorbitant amounts of money for any kind of test prep. If someone charges you more than the maximum SAT score, then they better help you get more than the maximum SAT score. One person said they did a prep class that was $2,600. I was like WELL DID YA GET A 2600 ON THE SAT?? SAT scores (currently) max out at 2400. A close friend of mine (who is now at Dartmouth) got a 2350 using nothing but time, a practice test book from the library, and her own incredible study skills. In other words, she didn’t pay a penny and did better than all of us, and probably better than whoever paid thousands of dollars for test prep. Make sure that you know about the subject tests your potential colleges need and take them as soon as possible. Start thinking about this sophomore year. Forgetting about those and not taking them until the last minute can be really stressful. I’d suggest taking subject tests as soon as you can after the relevant class.*** Final Exam Studying This post is already too long, but here’s a quick word on final exams: Studying for finals is different than studying for standardized exams. Even in high school, I felt that it was less about a “game” or about learning how to take a test with our actual school’s exams. This time, it’s important to actually know the material. This is easier and harder, depending on who you are, but either way, it involves a lot of time reviewing concepts and doing practice problems. Planning is keyor at least, it is for me. I make plans and strategies for each exam or class that I have. I’m a huge believer in productive procrastination. Sometimes, your brain is friedbut you know that if you start an episode of Game of Thrones, you’ll end up watching the whole season and get nothing done. If you really feel like you just have to not think about school for a minute, then clean your room, exercise, read something short. My solution (as you all know) is always to blag. Avoid junk food, TV and the internet (it’s actually the first one that’s the hardest for mestress eating, ugh). Otherwise, if you’re not completely burnt out, doing some passive studying (watching videos, reading things, listening to things) can give your brain a nice break from problem solving or quizzing yourself. I put passive studying at the start, middle, and end of all my study periodsit’s a nice way to get started, take a break, and finish up. Crash Course on YouTube saved my life in AP BiologyI even watched a couple of their videos this year for 7.013 (Human Biology). The details were sometimes a little sparse, but especially in high school there were times it actually helped clarify concepts and gave me a better big-picture view of the topic in addition to being a productive break. Khan academy videos are also good at doing the same thing for a wider range of topics. I also really liked studying with my friends. Yes, sometimes it’s less productive than if you were studying by yourself, but other times, I feel so tired of working that by myself I’d probably just be staring at a wall anyway. Being with my friends helped us all motivate each other, and just being around each other was always more pleasant. We would quiz each other, ask questions, create study sheets together and share resources. This was particularly pivotal in AP Chemistry, when, towards the end, I was almost ready to give upbut meeting up in the school library with my friends kept me going. (^shoutout to Ames Street Deli, a cafe in Kendall Square where I have worked long hours and they have yet to kick me out on perfectly reasonable grounds.) In all the craziness of MIT, I had actually almost forgotten the incredible amount of work it took for me to get here. I put in so, so much more time into high school than the bare minimum. I gave up weeks of free time to be the best student I possibly could, and I still messed up a lot, often being really emotionally and mentally distraught over it. I know my last few posts have been largely about the difficulty of MIT, but to all you high school students who work hard: don’t let anyone ever tell you that what you’re doing right now isn’t difficult either. Don’t let anyone ever try to dismiss your struggle as “not the real world” or the typical “oh, how sad, that’s just life”. You all work your butts off, and even if it’s not quite the same challenge as college or challenges of the working world, it is still very real, very difficult, very draining, and very time consuming. In many ways, certain aspects of high school are definitely worse than college and the working world. I hate it when people dismiss the struggles of people at a different stage than they are, and I think it’s often because they just forget what it was like when they were there. You are all fightersand it doesn’t matter what college you get into, because, if you’re here reading this post on studying strategies and freaking out over your next test, it’s simply true. I still remember what the pressure of high school was like, and I hope that I never forget my past difficulties in the face of future onesor even future successes. I promise to never belittle someone who feels they are struggling, whether I think they are or not, the way some people belittled me. Ignore those people. You will go far, as far as you dare to run. *Even though the SAT is changing in 2016, I still think these tips are very general and mostly still applicable to any standardized exam. **(e.g, take the Chemistry Subject Test once you finish chemistry class, take Math II after pre-calculus or calclulus, etc.) If you won’t reach calculus in high school, take Math I or take a look at what Math II covers and consider taking it. There’s usually only one integral problem on it anyway, if that. This may all change in 2016, I don’t know if the changes affect subject tests or not.

Should vegetarianism remain purely a personal choice - Free Essay Example

I can remember staring at the food pyramid poster in health class every day in Elementary School. The message of the graphic is still ingrained in my memory to this day: to maintain a healthy lifestyle, I needed to eat a balanced diet. The simple graphic told students to eat larger portions of the food groups at the base of the pyramid (grains, fruits, and vegetables) and the fewer portions of the foods at the top (fats, oils, and sweets). Only in the last few years have I realized the flaws of this graphic developed by the USDA and pushed out throughout the US educational system. The food pyramid explicitly privileged diets that include meat and animal products as the healthiest option, titling the protein category as meat. Even in new initiatives, like My Plate, include a dairy section and glides overplant-based protein sources. Although a government requirement for vegetarianism would shift the dietary pendulum too far, meatless diets should be acknowledged as viable, healthful diets for the American people. Simply put, the diet debate has focused on the wrong issue. Rather than debate omnivore versus vegan, government support for the reduction of large quantities of meat would help Americans realize that meatless is a healthful, practical option. Research has shown that well thought-out meatless diets can have major health benefits that can lead to long, healthy lives. A vegetarian diet may help prevent Heart Disease, Cancer, and Type 2 Diabetes. However, proper planning is necessary to ensure that sufficient nutrients are consumed. Vegetarianism can consist of a diet of bread, pasta, and cheese; although delicious, any diet can be unhealthy when it consists of too many foods from a food group, regardless of if it includes meat. Some may claim that a government mandate of a plant-based diet is the solution. This is equally impractical and ineffective. When the US government has attempted to regulate the consumption of substances like alcohol or tobacco, cultural phenomena including social disapproval, scientific innovation, and shifts in public perception have driven public policy (Kersh and Monroe, 163-166). Although these activities have begun, there is no large-scale movement to cut meat out of our diets. Mandating reduced meat consumption as a governmental policy will not improve the eating habits of the American people. Food consumption is polarizing issue, with individuals adamantly sticking to personal preferences. Eating is perceived as a deeply intimate act, one in which individuals decide their nutrition. Michael Pollan put it simply: Eat food. Not too much. Mostly plants. Before the government can formally support meatless diets, vegetarian diets need the even footing that comes with governmentally-backed legitimacy. Demonstrating this support is simple: rather than viewing primarily plant-based diets as an alternative to the mainstream, the government should present vegetarian diets as equally valid as meat-based diets. Opponents may claim that these adjustments in messaging are trivial and will not impact the eating habits of everyday Americans in the grocery store. This is simply not true. Words matter, as do pictures. That infamous pyramid graphic design is known by all and questioned by few. Formal government acknowledgement of vegetarianisms viability as a healthy eating practicecoupled with its ethical and environmental backingsis by no means the end-all-be-all solution to the healthy eating crisis plaguing the United States. However, this shift in messaging is an important and necessary step toward progress. Support for plant-based eating needs to come from the ground up to become a sustainable shift. Giving the meatless movement, the opportunity to prove itself is the needed first step in a long trek toward healthier American eating practices.

Essay Nonverbal Communication - 1080 Words

Nonverbal communication is when a person users gestures instead of words. Gestures can be facial expressions or body expressions. While doing research I learned that gestures are different around the world of different cultures. I chose French, Italian, and German to compare and contrast. The French word Mon ceil means disbelief in what someone is telling someone else. The gesture is taking the index finger, and pulling the skin down under the eye. In Italian this gestures is called Intesa, which means to remember our agreement. Germany did not have this gesture. It was hard to find gestures in German. French, Italian, and German have the same hand gesture for okay. In French they usually just say ok like Americans do. In†¦show more content†¦They start with their thumb first. Do not know about the Italians. Most Americans use their index finger first. In America we shake hands as a greeting or business deal. The French often grab the elbow or shake with the pi nky if their hands are full. Italians and Germans shake hands with a little kiss on each side of the cheek. Pouting goes without saying. Everybody has their own way of pouting. The French call pouting faire la moue. When moving the index finger back and forth is careful it has different meanings. In Italian it means hey, come here you, and the word is ehi tu, vieni qui. In German it means the dog call. In America we use the hand on the forehead with the palm down means to salute. The military uses this gesture all the time. Germans have and uses this gesture is the same way as Americans do. The French call it ras le bol, and this means someone or something is annoying. The Italians gesture for annoying is palm up moving the hand and elbow up and down. They pronounce this che barba. This gesture has different meaning through different cultures. Holding hands out, spreading fingers, and moving the hands back and forth. The Germans call this moutza. The meaning for mout za is here you go, and this means that a person is not impressed. The French call it a peu pres. This means the time a person will arrive, or how long a person will take. The ItaliansShow MoreRelatedNonverbal Communication As An Intercultural Communication1325 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many definitions for the term, â€Å"communication†. According to Samovar, Porter, McDaniel, and Roy (2015), communication is the ability to share ideas and feelings, and is the basis of human contact. Communication can also be defined as the process of transmitting information and common understanding from one person to another (Keyton, 2011). In my own words, I would define communication as sending and receiving message through verbal and nonverbal modes between individuals or groups. Read MoreVerbal Communication : Nonverbal Communication1428 Words   |  6 Pages The real communication is just based on the words we communicate with each other to deliver our messages and intentions. However, after taking this class it is quite clear to me that communication is not just verbal communication but nonverbal as well. After taking this course, I have become able to understand the nonverbal aspects in each and every communication, I use to encounter with or actions I use to see or experience. This course lets me understood that nonverbal communication covers severalRead MoreVerbal and Nonverbal Communication1472 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch done on verbal and nonverbal communication. First, we need to know what verbal and nonverbal communication is. Nonverbal communication is the way in which people communicate, intentionally or unintentionally, without words. Nonverbal communication uses nonverbal cues including facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures, body position, movement, the use of touch, and gaze (Aronson, Wilson, Akert, 2013). Verbal communication is what a person actually says. This communication relies on the wordsRead More Nonverbal Communication Essay850 Words   |  4 Pages   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Found information states that â€Å"nonverbal communication is the process of transporting messages through behaviors, physical characteristics and objects†. Its how and what we use in order to express our feelings and say things. Using symbols is a way of using nonverbal communication. Also nonverbal communication is the way we use body language and gestures too. Nonverbal communication is often used unconsciously. When using the certain communication it can be misinterpreted also. There are manyRead MoreThe Origin Of Nonverbal Communication947 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessor Albert Mehrabian and Susan R. Ferris, that concluded that 93% of communication is considered nonverbal. Nonverbal communication can be anything from tone of voice, body language, and anything that doesn t come out of your mouth basically. Nonverbal communication varies across cultures and sexes and is an essential part of our world. Knowing the facts about how we communicate and the w ay we react to communication is important to increase trust, clarity, and add interest to your presentationRead MoreNonverbal Communication Essay1569 Words   |  7 PagesNonverbal communication is the process of sending and receiving messages without using words, either spoken or written. And it is also called manual language. Similar to the way that italicizing emphasizes written language, nonverbal behavior may emphasize parts of a verbal message. The term nonverbal communication was introduced by psychiatrist Jurgen Ruesch and author Weldon Kees in the book Nonverbal Communication Notes on the Visual Perception of Human Relations. It includes the use of visualRead MoreNonverbal Communication Essay1413 Words   |  6 PagesIn a romantic relationship, it is easy to have miscommunication between a man and a woman. â€Å"Most researchers agree that 70% or more of the meaning of any message is communicated through nonverbal channels like eye contact, facial expressions, posture, hand gestures, etc.† (Stinnett, 2015). Verbal and nonverbal messages are like a relationship, they work well together that way the message is sent and delivered appropriately and that there is no miscommunication. Women have their way of expressingRead MoreNonverbal Communication And Human Communication2357 Words   |  10 PagesNonverbal communication is communication through sending and receiving wordless cues such as body language between two people. Communication can be through gestures and touch, body language, posture, facial expression, or eye contact. Face to face interactions of nonverbal communication can be classified into three areas: environmental conditions, physical characteristics of the communicators, and behaviors of communicators during the interaction. Approximately two thirds of all communicationRead MoreAn Article On Nonverbal Communication1646 Words   |  7 PagesWarren Stewig in an article published in the professional journal Language Arts provides an excellent commentary on nonverbal communication. His article is an exceptional example of academic writing that has been formatted as a primer or tool to be used by other educators. Professor Stewig provides a breakout of how much of a given message can be considered verbal and how much nonverbal. He also introduces the term kinesics and divides kinesics into two categories: personal and professional gesturesRead MoreNonverbal Communication : Non Verbal Communication890 Words   |  4 PagesLiterature Review According to some psychologists, non-verbal communication varies based on a person’s cultural background, more so in the individualism-collectivism dimension. Additionally, studies have indicated that intercultural diversities in how verbal communications are observed can be traced to differences in facial signs that individuals from West and East look for when detecting emotions (Serlin, Berger Bar-Sinai, 2007). Therefore, people from distinctive cultures are expected to be

Domestic violence - 1229 Words

3/1/13 Domestic Violence Persuasive Essay Final Draft â€Å"Every year, in the United States there are over 3 million incidents of reported domestic violence. Every year, 4,000 victims of domestic violence are killed.† (Domestic Violence: Disturbing Facts about Domestic Violence). Domestic violence is a crime that is not just committed in the United States, but worldwide. This crime is committed every day, every hour, every minute, and every second. Anybody can be a victim or the abuser. This can happen to any child, man or woman. This is a horrific crime. Women are more likely to be the victim in domestic violence than men. â€Å"Forty-five percent of all violent attacks against female victims 12 years old and older by multiple†¦show more content†¦This act of abuse is when the victim is being touched or sexual act is being preformed is unwanted. The abuser sometimes uses this tactic as a punishment. â€Å"Financial abuse is the use or misuse, without the partner’s freely given consent, of the financial or ot her monetary resources of the partner or of the partnership.† (Types of Domestic Abuse). The abuser will keep the victim(s) away from their jobs, which will cause them to lose money and eventually get fired. The abuser will also create conflict with the victim’s coworkers. They will also take the victim’s credit cards and will also take control of their bank account(s) and control their spending. â€Å"Identity abuse is using personal characteristics to demean, manipulate and control the partner†¦tactics overlap with other forms of abuse, particularly emotional abuse†¦comprised of the social â€Å"isms†, including racism, sexism, ageism, able-ism, beauty-ism, as well as homophobia.† (Type of Domestic Abuse). The abuser will stereotype the victims(s) by their ethnicity, race, sexuality, or gender. They will also humiliate them and judge them by their behavior and how they do things. This will also lower the victim’s self esteem and s elf confidence. These types of abuse are very dangerous psychologically and physically. In order to help stop this crime, people will need to be educated on domestic violence and the ways to help prevent this from happening. Educating people on domestic violence canShow MoreRelatedDomestic Violence1340 Words   |  6 PagesDomestic Violence is a problem sweeping the nation. This problem can affect anyone from anywhere but is generally acting out upon children and adult women in abusive relationships. Domestic violence is emotionally and physically scarring for anyone involved, and as a result could take multiple intervention meetings to begin to understand the issue, alleviate the associated problems, and to assist the victim in getting back on his or her feet. The consequences of abuse include anxiety, depressionRead MoreDomestic Violence2691 Words   |  11 Pagestowards domestic violence have changed considerably. Once, the only avenue that existed for victims of domestic violence was through criminal law. Today, all states of Australia have enacted various forms of domestic violence legislation to deal with this growing problem within our communities. The Domestic and Family Violence Protection Act 2012 (Qld) provides a broader and more contemporary definition of what constitutes domestic and family violence. The legal definition of domestic violence is outlinedRead MoreDomestic Violence1120 Words   |  5 Pagesstatements that one hears when discussing domestic violence. When video broke of NFL player Ray Rice, hitting and knocking out his then girlfriend Janay, those were the types of questions that erupted on social media. Instead the question should have been, â€Å"Why did he hit her?†, â€Å"Why didn’t he show any emotion or remorse?† â€Å"What is wrong with him?† This is known as victim blaming, and it is unfortunately all too prevalent in our society today. Domestic violence is a dirty little secret that no one wantsRead MoreDomestic Abuse And Domestic Violence Essay1365 Words   |  6 Pagesover 3 million incidents of domestic violence. That means that every nine seconds a women is beat en by her domestic partner† (Findeley). There are many women that stay silent when being abuse by their partners. The consequences of staying quiet when obtaining abuse can be dangerous and can also lead to death. Many women do not recognize the importance of the fact that there is in speaking out if they are being abuse by their partner. No woman should take domestic abuse by their partners. EveryRead MoreDomestic Violence And Public Violence Essay1231 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion people in the United States are affected by domestic violence. There are 8.8 million children who will witness domestic violence. Half of all victims of domestic violence will also experience the unimaginable pain of their child/children being abused alongside them. The fact is, domestic violence will affect or touch every person in their lifetime (Pence McMahon, 1999). There are many ground-breaking advocates of reducing domestic violence, though one stands out above the others. EllenRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1237 Words   |  5 Pages1.0 Introduction Domestic violence or intimate partner violence can occur in any type of relationship. There are many types of domestic violence including; social, physical, emotional and spiritual. Domestic violence is all about one person wanting control and power over the other and it can be expressed in many ways. It can occur in more than one way such as; coercion, threats, intimidation, isolation, stalking, sexual abuse, and economic abuse. It can also be a single act or a pattern of behaviourRead MoreDomestic Abuse And Domestic Violence965 Words   |  4 PagesI chose to do the domestic survivors subculture I feel as if it was a great topic to focus on its going to reveal a lot of emotion. Domestic violence can happen to anyone. Domestic violence sometimes called battering is against the law. At first glance, it is hard to imagine why a victim of domestic violence would voluntarily remain in the relationship with the abuser. As you may know domestic violence doesn’t always start off as violence it starts off as in the form of love. The abuser feels asRead MoreThe Effects Of Violence On Domestic Violence1380 Words   |  6 Pagesobject to violence, because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent†, quoted by Mahatma Gandhi. Violence is defined as an unjust or unwarranted exertion of power or force to intentionally injure, damage, or destroy something or someone. Amongst the various types of violence, there is one in particular that has been causing an ongoing debate within societies across the world; this certain type of violence is known as domestic violence. Domestic violence, alsoRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence1535 Words   |  7 Pageslifetime (Domestic Violence Statistics, 2015). The topic that will be studied with the paper is intimate partner violence or another term that can be used is domestic violence. Domestic violence or intimate partner violence is the systematic pattern or control or power perpetuated by one partner against another (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, n.d.). Throughout the paper the term domestic violence and intimate violence will be used interchangeably. The misconception is that domestic violenceRead MoreDomestic Violence And Sexual Violence859 Words   |  4 PagesDomestic violence occurs in all economic, ethnic, and social backgrounds of every society of the world. In Canada, 546, 000 men suffer from domestic violence; that equates to 6% of the male population (Family Violence). The number of women who are victimized through intimate violence total around 653, 000; that equates to 7% of the female population (Family Violence). The amount of abuse being directed towards men is essentially the same amount that is directed towards women. However, the family

An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual...

American Economic Association An Introduction to the Law and Economics of Intellectual Property Author(s): Stanley M. Besen and Leo J. Raskind Reviewed work(s): Source: The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 5, No. 1 (Winter, 1991), pp. 3-27 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1942699 . Accessed: 24/11/2011 08:39 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase†¦show more content†¦It is intended both to provide thumbnail descriptions of the various intellectual property regimes to economists working in this area and to indicate where additional economic research might be useful. The other papers in this symposium provide important examples of ongoing research on the economics of intellectual property. Suzanne Scotchmer analyzes the complex effects of patent protection when innovation is cumulative. Rather than analyzing situations in which several firms vie to develop the same innovation-the approach of the patent race literature-her analysis examines circumsta nces in which only one firm can develop an initial innovation but others can also build upon it. She focuses on how the incentive to develop both the initial and subsequent inventions may be affected by the scope of patent protection. Janusz Ordover considers ways of adjusting the patent system that may help to both provide returns to the inventor, and encourage the diffusion of the innovation in the economy. His paper is part of a line of work that explores the place of the intellectual property system among the large number of institutions that affect the amount and nature of research and development that takes place. In the final paper, DavidShow MoreRelatedProtection of Intellectual Property Essay1030 Words   |  5 PagesProtection of Intellectual Property Introduction There is a lot of controversy about intellectual property and its application to software. There are many difficult, fundamental questions that arise, such as exactly what aspects of a piece of software should be protected under copyright or patent. [5] Despite the fact that applying existing laws to software is not very straight-forward, some sort of legal protection for intellectual property is necessary, as it provides a significant amount ofRead MoreCopyright Law Protects Functional Products, Processes, And Designs1315 Words   |  6 Pages Introduction â€Å"Intellectual Property†(IP) provides an intangible property rights protecting a product or creations, and regulates the uses of different sorts of ideas and insignia such as industrial design, literature, and artistic works inclusive of symbols, names and images. It is enforced by means of patented inventions, copyrights and trademarks where each protects distinct subject matter and promotes a unique social goal. Patent law protects functional products, processes andRead MoreEconomic And Social Status Of China1549 Words   |  7 Pages Introduction Not only economically but socially, influences of China has been substantial. Economic and social status of China are firm that it can not be oversighted. However, law related intellectual property rights has been rising issues in China. First step to solve the problem is realize there is one. It is critical to recognize which elements are violating IPR. Basic systematic error of IPR and counterfeit culture in China are main factors for the obstacles. Current state of the world’sRead MoreLand Rights And Property Rights1006 Words   |  5 PagesThe topic I chose for our assigned is ‘property rights’. The property rights we will review are the intellectual property, industrial property, copyrights and property rights are human rights. This is of great interest to me with anything to do with property rights as they are, â€Å"arguably property rights are the foundations of all human rights.† (Wilson, T. 2015). There are so many laws that govern protecting the inventor, from the timeframe, to who has ownership of those rights. We are findingRead MoreResearch in Motion: a Study in International Intellectual Property917 Words   |  4 PagesResearch In Motion: A Study in International Intellectual Property by Paul A. Langfield, M.S. An Introduction to Research In Motion (RIM) Canadian-based company Research In Motion (RIM) is an excellent case study in the challenges associated with Intellectual Property rights, especially in light of the company’s need to operate within the Intellectual Property frameworks of countries across the globe. Started by then twenty-three year old, Mike Lazardis in 1984, RIM has been involvedRead MoreThe Effects Of Digital Media On The World Of Copyrights1531 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Today’s digital artists work in an environment where information and access to design inspiration are, literally, at their fingertips. Many in the industry use the artwork of others in order to inspire their on artwork and provide content for their projects. However, I have noticed that many fail to give the proper credit to the artists’ whose work(s). Digital media and internet has transformed the world of copyrights in many ways. The digital environment has made it very easy to distributeRead MoreChinese Foreign Trade Relations : Intellectual Property Enforcement Context1164 Words   |  5 PagesImproving Chinese Foreign Trade Relations: Intellectual Property Enforcement Context I. Introduction American businesses are losing up to an estimated $60 billion each year in the global market from intellectual property violations. The problem continues to grow as more American companies invest overseas, and more products consist of intangible or intellectual property. American companies face more than just economic challenges: if losses of intellectual property rights continue to go unchecked, businessesRead MoreWhy Copyright Laws Are Important Today s Business World783 Words   |  4 Pages Assignment Unit 4 Introduction The progress and well-being of humanity lays on its capacity to create and invent new works in the areas of technology and culture. The promotion and protection of intellectual property encourages the commitment of additional resources for further innovation, spurs economic growth, creates new jobs and industries, and enhances the quality and enjoyment of life. (WIPO, n.d.) In this essay I am going to discuss why copyright laws are important in today’s businessRead MoreIntellectual Property Rights And Competition Law1304 Words   |  6 PagesAIM Critical analysis on when the use of intellectual property rights turns into abuse of intellectual property rights and further analysis on the trend of European competition authorities towards Intellectual property rights with specific reference to what is reiterated in the Magill cases. Introduction Intellectual property rights and competition law both seem to intervene at different junctures; however they work for attainment of one common goal that is consumer welfare. The reasons for thisRead MoreBarriers to Foreign Investment in the Chinese Internet Industry1675 Words   |  7 Pagescountry has the largest Internet user population among all countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Chinese laws make foreign investment difficult, and the country -- quite unlike the United States -- has strict legal controls on information and distribution and poor enforcement of intellectual property laws. This article explains the barriers facing high-tech companies in China. [pic] Introduction | | China has the largest population and one of the fastest-growing

The Impact Of Social Psychology On Our Society - 1377 Words

For years, things have happened in history and when we look back at it today we wonder how something like that could have occurred. You’ve heard the old saying that history has a way of repeating itself. I think this is because of our basic human instincts in life. As humans, we feel the need to be accepted by others in our society. Social Psychology focuses a lot on the way we think about ourselves and how others perceive us and at the end of the day it is clear that we long to be accepted. I want to dive a little further into that and focus on why is that so and at what cost will we go to in order to fit in? Do we keep our moral about us or do we throw that completely out of the window just to be accepted by society? We have clear cases†¦show more content†¦Or do we even have a choice in how we respond to social situations; moreover, does free will even exist? I do not believe a lot of people look at history with the perspective that psychology plays a huge role in why we do the things we do and I think maybe if we did, history would not repeat itself as much as it currently does. Taking a look back at history can influence how we proceed with things in the future. Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619. They were brought to America to help aid in the production of crops like tobacco. Slavery was practiced throughout the American colonies in the 17th and 18th centuries, and African-American slaves helped build the economy of the new nation. The invention of the cotton gin enforced importance of slavery to the South’s economy. By the mid-19th century, America was trying to expand out west while abolition of slavery started to grow in the North. This movement provoked a debate that would start the American Civil War, tearing the North and South apart. A Union victory was supposed to free the slaves, slavery continued to influence American history. That is until the Civil Rights Movement that appeared in the 1960s, almost a century after emancipation! The foundations of

Hometown Deli Free Essays

Hometown Deli Case Study The Hometown Deli was established by your grandfather in 1952 in your hometown. It offers many different kinds of specialized coffees, teas, a full service bakery, homemade soups, sandwiches, and salads. The Deli has been a local hotspot for many years and has served as a community gathering place. We will write a custom essay sample on Hometown Deli or any similar topic only for you Order Now Your grandfather recently retired from the business and has asked you to take it over. You are very excited about this opportunity! Unfortunately, business has been steadily declining over the last five years. Although your grandfather was an expert at running the deli, it is outdated. There are no computers in the store and all ordering takes place manually. Your grandfather had a terrific memory and knew all of his customers by name, but unfortunately, none of this information is located anywhere in the store. The family recipes for the baked goods and soups are also stored in your grandfather’s memory. Inventory is tracked in a note pad, along with employee payroll, and marketing coupons. The Deli does not have a Web site, uses very little marketing except word-of-mouth, and essentially still operates the same as it did in 1952. Throughout this course you will own and operate Hometown Deli, taking advantage of business practices discussed in the class, the Course Modules and the textbook to increase profits, keep the business running, and bring the Deli into the 21st century. Note: As you approach these assignments, you will find it helpful to think about your own experiences with a local deli or sandwich shop. Making a trip to a local deli may help you think about the processes, challenges, and opportunities. Upon completion of these assignments you will have performed an array of activities to demonstrate your ability to apply the course content to a â€Å"real world situation† to: †¢Analyze the business environment and identify strategic areas for improvement (Stage 1) †¢Propose an appropriate technology solution to improve a selected business process (Stage 2) †¢Evaluate various IT considerations of the proposed technology solution (Stage 3) †¢Communicate your solution and the IT considerations to stakeholders using a presentation format (Stage 4) †¢Identify and explain the next steps in implementing the solution (Stage 5) The case study and assignments address the Course Outcomes to enable you to: †¢analyze business strategy to recognize how technology solutions enable strategic outcomes †¢analyze internal and external business processes to identify information systems requirements †¢identify and plan IT solutions that meet business objec tives. STAGED ASSIGNMENTS The staged assignments are designed to follow the relevant course modules and chapters of the textbook in the class schedule, and are due on the dates shown in the Syllabus. Stage 1 Project: Business Environment Analysis (Word document with analysis) Stage 2 Project: Technology-Supported Solution Proposal (Word document with proposed solution) Stage 3 Project: Template for IT Considerations (Word table) Stage 4 Project: Executive Briefing Presentation (PowerPoint Presentation on proposed solution) Stage 5 Project: Outline of Next Steps (Word document outline with next steps) The weight of the assignments is shown in the Course Syllabus. The due dates are shown in the Course Schedule. Because these assignments require you to use Microsoft Word and PowerPoint (as indicated in the instructions), you may need to â€Å"brush up† on your familiarity with these or use functions that perhaps are new to you. Therefore, do not wait until the last minute to begin an activity. You should read through all the assignments in advance to ensure you (1) understand what is expected, and (2) allow enough time to effectively create the information being requested. Assignments for stages 1, 2 and 5 require external research, outside of the textbook. The grading rubric is included with each assignment. These assignments are designed to help you identify how to effectively analyze and interpret information to improve the business. This is an opportunity for you to apply critical thinking skills and think like a business professional. When you are writing a paper or developing a presentation, prepare it as if it is going to a boss that you want to impress with your knowledge and abilities. Don’t just go through the mechanics of pulling together information — think about what you are doing, why you’re doing it, whether it make sense, whether the information seems realistic, and what the results show. Support your recommendations with your research. One of the prerequisites for this course is that you have a fundamental working knowledge of word processing and presentation software. Detailed instructions for each Staged Project, 1 through 5, are separately posted in the Course Content area. You must prepare each assignment in the indicated format (i. e. , memo, report, presentation or other specified format) and submit it as an attachment through your individual Assignments Folder in WebTycho. No credit will be given for assignments submitted in file formats other than those stated in the assignment instructions. Additional Information There is a significant amount of information available to you to assist in developing your skills in using the Microsoft Office Products. MS Word and PowerPoint are required for these exercises. The textbook comes with access to the publisher’s website (http://www. mhhe. com/baltzan) where there are a number of resources, including Tech Plug-Ins for Office 2003, 2007 and 2010. Don’t hesitate to use the on-line help and wizard tools built into the MS Office applications for help as you work with the software tools. There are also other web sites, such aswww. eHow. com, and www. microsoft. com that provide tips. Even YouTube has some useful videos demonstrating various techniques. How to cite Hometown Deli, Papers

Quantitative Analysis Education Database Independent Organisation

Question: Background One of the biggest challenges in the higher education sector has been the recent growth of online universities. The Online Education Database is an independent organisation whose mission is to build a comprehensive list of accredited online colleges. The Excel spreadsheet (OnlineEdu.xlsx) contains data on the retention rate (%) and the graduation rate (%) for 29 online colleges in the United States. (a) Provide a descriptive analysis of the two variables (e.g., mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum). (b) Develop a scatter diagram with retention rate as the independent variable. What does the scatter diagram indicate about the relationship between the two variables? (c) Develop and estimate a regression equation that can be used to predict the graduation rate (%) given the retention rate (%). (d) State the estimated regression equation and interpret the meaning of the slope coefficient. (e) Is there a statistically significant association between graduation rate (%) and retention rate (%). What is your conclusion? (f) Did the regression equation provide a good fit? Explain. (g) Suppose you were the president of South University. After reviewing the results, would you have any concerns about the performance of your university compared to other online universities? (h) Suppose you were the president of the University of Phoenix. After reviewing the results, would you have any concerns about the performance of your university compared to other online universities? Your report needs to be structured as follows: (1) Purpose (2) Background (3) Method (4) Results (5) Discussion (6) Recommendations Answer: Is Graduation rate (%) is related to Retention rate (%)? Purpose Main aim of this study is to find the relation between the two variables; retention rate (%) and graduation rate (%). Through this study we would also like to explore the association between these two variables. Background Retention rate means the number of students converted to the percentage who persist to the next year of the college in which they enrol for the course. Eg: if a student enrols to first year of Bachelors degree in a college, he again joins the same college for the next year as well. Graduation rate means the number of students converted to percentage that completed and earned the bachelor degree within time limit. Generally 150% of the issued time limit is considered acceptable. Eg: 4 years bachelors degree completed by passing within 6 years of enrolment is counted and included in graduation rate. Recently much attention has been gained by Retention rates and Graduation rates. Many institutes providing higher education are recently focusing on improving their retention and graduation rates. They identified the key points which can improve retention rates and graduation rates at an institute (Hanover Research). The study published on IPEDS data found a not significant correlation between institute retention plans and graduation rate (Ronald Anthony Milon, 2006). Many of the studies were published which tried to find relation of retention rates and graduation rates with other environmental and social factors. None of the study tried to examine relation between retention rate and graduation rate. In this study we try to inspect relation between these two variables; retention rate and graduation rate. Method This study includes the data of 29 online education institutes of USA. The number of observations for this study is 29 and includes two variables. The two variables in the study, retention rates and graduation rates are continuous variables. These were described as mean and standard deviation. In addition, minimum and maximum were also calculated. To find the association between the variables correlation technique was used. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. To visually inspect the relation between the variables under the study scatter plot was plotted. To find the relation between the independent variable, retention rate (%) and dependent variable, graduation rate (%) regression analysis was carried out. Goodness of fit, Analysis of Variance and hypothesis testing for slope was also carried out. Value of Pearson correlation coefficient would lie between 0 to 1. Pearson correlation coefficient value close to 0 indicate no correlation and close to 1 indicates strong correlation. Value of goodness of fit (R-squared) will also lie between 0 to 1. Goodness of fit value close to 0 indicates poor fit and close to 1 indicates good fit. All the comparisons and hypothesis testing will be carried out at 5 % level of significance. Hypothesis for Analysis of Variance Ho: Regression model is not significant Ha: Regression model is significant Hypothesis for slope Ho: Slope is not different from zero Ha: Slope is different from zero The analysis was performed on MS Excel. Additionally, Excel Data Analysis Toolpak was used to perform correlation and regression. Results Data of retention rates and graduation rates were collected for 29 online colleges of USA. Analysis was performed on this data for the two variables, retention rate and graduation rate. Descriptive statistics for the variables retention rate and graduation rate is presented below. Table 1: Descriptive Statistics Retention Rate (%) Graduation Rate (%) Mean 57.41 41.76 SD 23.24 9.87 Min 4 25 Max 100 61 Average retention rate (%) of the 29 online colleges of USA is 57.41 % and graduation rate (%) of these 29 online colleges of USA is 41.76 %. Standard deviation for the retention rate is 23.24 % and Graduation rate is 9.87 %. Dispersion from mean is less observed in Graduation Rate than Retention Rate. Minimum Retention Rate of 4 % is for University of Phoenix and maximum Retention Rate of 100 % is for National University and Florida National College. Minimum Graduation Rate of 25 % was observed for South University and Western International University and maximum Graduation Rate of 61 % was observed for Florida National College. Association between the variables is visually inspected using the scatter plot presented below. The plot was plotted with retention rate as independent variable plotted on x axis and graduation rate as dependent variable plotted on y axis. Figure 1: Scatter plot with Retention rate as independent variable From the above plot we can observe a minor linear positive relationship. Thus, visually a linear relationship can be observed between the two variables. The line if drawn will not be inclined to an angle of 45 but neither it would be parallel to x axis. With increase in retention rate graduation rate also increases gradually. Correlation was carried out using Excel Data Analysis Toolpak. Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.67 was obtained. This implies that there is moderately positive linear relationship between the two variables which supports the visual results of scatter plot. Positive because correlation coefficient is positive value which implies increase in retention rate is correlated with increase in graduation rate and vice-versa. Moderate because the value is around 0.5. Regression analysis was carried out using Excel Data Analysis Toolpak. Regression analysis was carried out with retention rate as independent variable and graduation rate as dependent variable. Table 2: Linear Regression Results SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.670245 R Square 0.449228 Adjusted R Square 0.428829 Standard Error 7.456105 Observations 29 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 1224.286 1224.286 22.02211 6.95E-05 Residual 27 1501.024 55.5935 Total 28 2725.31 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 25.4229 3.746284 6.786166 2.74E-07 17.73616 33.10964 RR(%) 0.284526 0.060631 4.692772 6.95E-05 0.160122 0.40893 The R-square value of 0.4492 was obtained for the model. The R-square value implies the goodness of fit. Thus, it can be said that this model is moderately good fit which is in agreement with the correlation results. Goodness of fit is moderate because the value is around 0.5. This further implies that 44.92 % of variance in graduation rate is accounted for by the retention rate. This also implies that approximately 65 % of variance is not accounted by the model. Analysis of Variance was carried out to calculate the significance of the model. The p-value of Regression equation obtained from the regression result is Graduation Rate = 0.28*Retention Rate + 25.42 Value of the slope obtained from regression is 0.28 which indicates positive relation between the two variables. The value of slope implies that with unit increase in Retention rate 0.28 unit increases in graduation rate was observed. t-test was performed to explore the significance of slope. The slope was found highly significant with p-value of Thus, the results imply that there exist significant linear relationship between retention rate and graduation rate with moderate goodness fit of the model. Discussion In this study data of retention rates and graduation rates from 29 online colleges of USA were included and analysed with the aim to find relation between these two variables. Along with inspecting the relation, this study we also tried to find association between the two variables. Relation and association between these two continuous variables were visualised by plotting Scatter Plot. Average Retention Rate for the 29 online colleges was found greater than average Graduation Rate. It means number of students being retained or attend the college next year is greater than number of students completing their graduation. Average retention rate and average graduation rate in this study were found to be less than as reported by National Center for Education Statistics. National Center for Education Statistics also reported that higher graduation rate for females than males. Most selective institutions have higher retention rates compared to least selective institutions. Fernald (2011) reported retention rate of 89% and graduation rate of 78% for UC Santa Cruz which is quiet high from most of the colleges included in the study. Susan Wang (2011) reported that retention rate of Oregan State University for the Fall term 2009-2010 is 83.1% and graduation rate from 2004 to 2010 is 60.4%. A paper published by Florida State University Student Success Team states that graduation rate at public institute is 52.4%, much higher than average retention rate obtained in this study. Variation in retention rate is wider than in graduation rate. Minimum retention is 4 % which is very low while maximum retention rate is 100 %. But minimum graduation rate is 25 % and maximum graduation rate is 61 %. So, minimum graduation rate is greater than minimum retention rate while maximum graduation rate is lower than maximum retention rate. Moderately positive correlation was found between the two variables which is also supported by moderate goodness fit (R-squared) value. 44.92% of variation in graduation rate was accounted for by retention rate. So, approximately 55 % of variations are not explained by this model. Thus, there will be other environmental and social factors which affects graduation rate. Regression model was found to be significant based on Analysis of Variance results with significant slope. This means that these two variables share significant linear relationship and this relationship is not evident only by chance. This is also supported by the trend observed in the scatter plot. Value of slope obtained from regression equation display that unit increase in retention rate leads to 0.28 units increase in graduation rate. Thus, this study found moderate association between the two variables, retention rate and graduation rate, considered in the study. This study also found that there exist significant linear relationship between the two variables, retention rate and graduation rate, considered in the study. This study also found that graduation rate can be significantly predicted by retention rate. Graduation rate and retention rate are positively related. This study also found that there exist other factors which may affect graduation rate significantly as the fit of the model obtained in this study is moderately good. This study can be further extended by including all the colleges of USA and observe the trend. Also, various other factors which affect graduation rate should be studied and included. Recommendations As a President of South University I should implement strategies which would increase the graduation rate. South University have fairly good retention rate but graduation rate is poorest among other 27 online institutes included in the study. Measures should be taken to encourage student not only to continue to next year but also study well and complete their bachelors degree. As a President of University of Phoenix I should implement strategies which would increase the retention rate as well as the graduation rate. University of Phoenix have less graduation rate and retention rate is poorest among other 27 online institutes included in the study. And this retention rate is very poor, of only 4 %. If the University has part time faculty or faculty attrition rate is high then measures should be taken to retain teachers and professors as well. Many studies reported that not changing faculty members are also one of the reasons for low student retention rate. Some serious measures to be taken to motivate students to return to next year and also to complete the graduation rate. References 1) Institutional Retention and Graduation Rates for Undergraduate Students. National Center for Education Statistics. (Last Updated: May 2014) Available from: https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cva.asp (Accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 2) Julian L. Fernald (2011). WHO LEAVES UC SANTA CRUZ AND WHEN? RETENTION AND GRADUATION AMONG FRESHMEN COHORTS. Available from: https://planning.ucsc.edu/irps/Enrollmt/retain/RetentionStudy(Dec2011).pdf (accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 3) Practical Steps to Improving Retention and Graduation Rates. Florida State University Student Success Team. Available from: www.hawaii.edu/offices/app/hgi/EDI_02-2013/PracticalStepsFinal.pdf (Accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 4) HANOVER RESEARCH (2011). Improving Student Retention and Graduation Rates. Available from: www.mybrcc.edu/intranet/attachments/article/110/Improving%20Student%20Retention%20and%20Graduation%20Rates.pdf (Accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 5) Ronald Anthony Milon (2006). The Relationship Between Institutional Retention Plans and Retention Rates. Chapter 4 Data Collection Analysis (Page 75). Available from : https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3lvGweq5jVgCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false (Accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 6) Susan Wang (2011). Retention and Graduation Rate Report Cohort Classes: Fall Term 1994 Fall Term 2009. Oregon State University. Available from: https://oregonstate.edu/ase/firstyear/sites/default/files/pdfs/retention-graduation-summary.pdf.pdf (Accessed on 07 Jan 2011)

Employees Roads and Maritime Services †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Employees Roads and Maritime Services. Answer: Introduction This paper focuses on a case of RMS Roads and Maritime Services to outline opportunities that HRD provide to current and future employees. The second section conducts an assessment to the extent to which knowledge about informal learning has succeeded in influencing RMS HRD practices. RMS offers opportunities that make employees take their career to new heights. Management creates generous working conditions where everyone can become a forward-thinking person (RMS, 2018). Such projects make employees learn best ways of contributing towards their communities. Nurturing leaders the company provides an environment for newly recruited employees to nurture their talents of becoming future leaders. It offers on job training, supervision, and assigning roles such as team leadership. Performance planning RMS offers an environment for employees to go through the formal process of discussion, identification, and planning of personal goals. Employees identify their personal goals that require their capability to achieve as well as develop skills for decision-making. Networking RMS organize teamwork where members get to network and know one another. Currently, RMS offers an opportunity where employees work as teams as well as assigning supervisors to every team. Such an environment allows diversified groups of employees from different cultural background to interact with one another. Consequently, it strengthens Knowledge about informal learning at the workplace brings about numerous complexities how managers develop employees. Garrick (2001) outlines that definitional complexities relating to informal learning involve learning from experience, learning from context, strengthening informal and incidental learning, reflecting, and tacit dimensions of knowledge. Such definitions show that employees could go through non-intentional learning practices to acquire knowledge. Stewart, McGoldrick, and Watson (2001) link the knowledge about informal learning to autonomous, self-directed, and independency that occurs without participating in externally instructional programs. The knowledge about informal learning has influenced the organization's HRD practices of RMS managers in terms of how they define, design, and execute comprehensive learning strategies among employees. Managers now form different teams, assist them in planning and establishing. They are now able to maintain communities of practice (CoP) (Bowness and Gram, 2010). RMS finds CoP as the best way of assisting team members share common individual goals. Consequently, members are able to create and share knowledge for personal development. Personnel at the company focus on individual achievements as we as teams. RMS adopts action-learning practices to achieve informal learning for personal development. Bowness and Gram (2010)human resource personnel can implement HRD practices by organizing small teams to work together to solve real workplace tasks and problems. Management supports natural learning processes. The process makes employees to learn themselves by doing and reflecting about their and results from their actions. Consequently, employees are able to make their own needed adjustments at a personal level without following planned programs. Yanchar and Hawkley (2015) explain that informal learning has influenced how managers develop learning action plans. Managers integrate action plans of learning and working by scheduling time for all programmed learning activities to occur simultaneously with other regular job responsivities. Managers at RMS now associate learning activities with timeframes and objectives. Even though HRD practices RMS now adopts a number of informal learning assets beyond classroom programs. Management use organization knowledge to develop digital as well as paper-based tools. Management now relies on formal programs to create templates and small content them feed them to the company website as articles. Employees can now rely on such resources as their assets for informal learning. Their availability on demand depends on how employees go through them as refresher jobs to assist those returning on their jobs. Such materials also assist employees that missed to attend some formal events. Garrick (2001) theorizes the best way that managers could make informal learning become effective in an environment where every human resource personnel prefers planned programs as their instructional manuals. Garrick Suggests that managers can now adopt processes of receiving feedback, encouraging the formation of teamwork for individual learning, creating and posting contents on company websites, networking, and mentoring through team leaders. Conclusion RMS design different HRD programs to restructure and downsize employees to work in teams. Consequently, they design programs that allow employees to gain new skills to solve problems and make decisions. Additionally, employees develop their personal skills for leadership, negotiation, resolution conflict, and listening. However, knowledge about informal learning has influenced HRD practices. References Garrick, J 2001. Informal learning in the workplace: Unmasking human resource development. Taylor and Francis Grieves, J 2003. Strategic human resource development. SAGE RMS Roads and Maritime Services, 2018. Working with us. https://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/about/careers/working-with-us/index.html. Accessed on April 10, 2018 Stewart, J, McGoldrick, J, Watson, S 2001. Understanding human resource development: A research-based approach. Psychology Press Yanchar, SC, Hawkley, MN 2015, 'Instructional Design and Professional Informal Learning: Practices, Tensions, and Ironies', Journal of Educational Technology Society, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 424-434.

Research Brand Performance

Abstract This research paper seeks to investigate the relationship between customers’ perception of public relation and customers’ loyalty. The research will also investigate the role played by the brand image in shaping customer perception towards the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Research Brand Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Design/methodology- The research will use both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data will be collected from a sample of customers of City Bank with the help of a questionnaire. The research will use two hypotheses. Findings- The results of the study evidently demonstrate that the sensitivity of clients towards organization’s public relation practice is an indication of their devotion. From the research, it is clear that when there is a favorable brand image among customers, public relation perception will always h ave a heavy impact on customer loyalty. Research limitations/implication- This research seeks to expound on the existing research as regards to customer loyalty. The researcher faced the problem of unwillingness since some respondents were unwilling to answer questions. Originality- The researcher was concerned with coming up with an original piece of research that could be applied in a real life scenario. Keywords- Brand image, Public relation, Customer loyalty, Customer relations, Finance industry, financial services, the United States Introduction According to Hsieh and Li (2008), there is a direct relationship between customer perception of public relation and customer loyalty. These scholars hold that when a customer has a positive perception of public relations of a firm, he or she will tend to be loyal to that firm. This loyalty will further enhance a positive perception of the public relation of the firm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brand image plays a moderating role in this relationship. When a firm has a strong brand image in the market, the perception of the public would always be influenced positively towards the firm, and this will increase loyalty of the customers towards the firm (Hsieh Li, 2008). The role of marketing in creating and maintaining a pool of loyal customers is becoming more prominent in the twenty fist century. Marketers are under pressure to ensure that loyalty among customers is established. Customer loyalty is always considered a central pillar in marketing activities of the organization. This is because without customer loyalty, it may not be easy to maintain a positive image of a firm in the market. When a company is able to develop, maintain, and enhance customer loyalty, it gains a competitive edge in the market hence acquiring the opportunity to increase its market share in the market. Customer loyalty can al so enhance the image of the organization through positive word of mouth, which in turn leads to increased profit margins for the company. Scholars define public relations as the management function, which aims at identifying, establishing, and enhancing mutual benefits between the firm and its public. This would determine the failure or the success of the company. Loyal customers are said to enjoy the public relations practices of the company as compared to those customers who buy and go without staying for long in their in the company. It is essential for the customers to be aware of the organization-public relation since this will promote customer loyalty in the organization, which would lead to increased number of sales (Aaker, 1997). A recent study shows that there is intense competition in the finance industry. Numerous financial institutions are in existence meaning that competition is stiff (Chaudhuri, and Holbrook, 2001). The management of Citibank should come up with strate gies that would enable it manage this competition. Developing a public relations system would help in increasing the company’s customer loyalty. This essay aims at explaining the relationship between the brand image, public relations practices, and customer loyalty with focus on offering a professional advice to Citibank on how to enhance customer loyalty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Research Brand Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Literature Review and Hypothesis The finance industry is increasingly becoming competitive. Financial firms are under pressure to deliver more quality services to their customer in order to increase satisfaction (Belk, 2008). This quality is always formed in the minds of consumers. Public relation is important in influencing customer perception as regards to a given brand (Anderson, Gerbing, 2002). The figure below shows the relationship between public relations perception of customers, customer loyalty, and brand image, which is the basis of this research. From the diagram above, public relations perception is shown to have a direct impact on customer loyalty. The brand image plays a role of moderating the operations of the public relations opinion and customer constancy. This can be illustrated with the help of the literature review below. Clark (2000) stipulated that self-congruence theory rest on the idea that consumers evaluate the products of a company in relation to their self-image. When the congruence between the two is perceived to be high, it has been revealed that it influences the attitude of customers towards the brand. It also influences the decision made by customers in purchasing the product, as well as determining the satisfaction of customers. On the other hand, when there is incongruence, consumers are likely to withdraw from purchasing the products and services of the organization simply because they will fear to be a ssociated with the negative image of the organization (Chaudhuri, Holbrook, 2001). An individual’s self-concept embraces various self-identities, which range from personal identities to social identities. In the studies that have been conducted before, it has been proved that when public relations practices is strong there is an increased demand for social identity, which in return leads to increased self-congruence (Bruning, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Public relations practices are therefore entitled to create a profile brand association whereby customers of the organization have to be perceived as generous and kind. They also seek to establish a brand personality where the brand personality is portrayed as being sincere (Brown, Dacin, 1997). From the study, it is patent that self-congruence and customer expectations are realized with the help of the top management as expressed through public relations. In this case, if the customer self-concept match with the PR actions, customers are likely to be attached to the company for a long period (Dick, Basu, 2006). These scholars observed that public perception towards public relations would always influence customer loyalty. This leads to the first hypothesis below. Customer perception towards public relations (PRP) will be positively related to customer loyalty In this hypothesis, psychologists hold the view that the memory of an individual lasts for a very long period meaning that once the information received is stored in it, the information it is likely to stay for a considerable duration. In the field of marketing, this is referred as the halo effect whereby the influence of a particular attribute is influenced by the general impression of the product as a whole on one hand while on the other hand, the evaluation of an attribute as a whole can create an effect on particular aspects of the object. This therefore proves that maintaining cognitive consistence helps in deterring cognitive differences (Dutton, Dukerich, Harquailn, 2004).This indicates that when the brand image of an organization is favorable, the customers, who in return maintain the positive beliefs, and behaviors, will perceive the public relations practices as genuine hence harmonizing the reputation of the company. However, when consumers perceive brand image in their cognitive processes as unfavorable, it becomes difficult for the PR practices to change this perception. When there is inc onsistency in the memory of customers, they would likely develop a psychological tendency of balanced differences, which creates fear on customers hence a go slow in consuming products and services of that particular company (Ekinci Riley, 2003). This would lead to the formulation of the second hypothesis, which is stated as below. The relationship between PRP and customer loyalty is moderated by brand image Research Methodology The data of the research were collected from experienced customers of Citibank in the New York branches. This essay looks into the financial firms, as they are the ones, which dictate maximum public relations practices as compared to the manufacturing industry. The research was conducted in a form of interviews where the sampled customers were asked questions related to insurance companies familiar to them (Chiou and Droge, 2006). In the research, PRP was considered an independent variable, which was measured in terms of the manner in which customers percei ve the commitment of the corporation in terms of time, resources, and efforts towards generating public relations activities. Brand image on the other hand was used as the moderating variable. In this case, the brand image was measured in terms of experiential benefits, symbolic benefits, and as functional benefits (Ellen, Mohr, Webb, 2000). During research, several factors were controlled for the results obtained to be perceived as valid. The controlled factors included sex of respondents, disposable income, altruism, and age. In the study, altruism was considered the act of utilitarianism, which aims at promoting the welfare of others. In the issue of validity and reliability, the study used various approaches in the analysis of data collected, which includes confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory and reliability analysis (Devellis, 2001). Analysis of the Results The results obtained in the research were tested through hierarchical regression. This was aimed at proving the hyp otheses that were presented in the study. In relation to the four controlled factors used in the research, it was discovered that altruistic and disposable income variables created an effect on the consumer loyalty. This indicates that commitment of an organization towards PR activities is likely to increase customer purchases, as well as refer other people to buy company products (Homburg, Giering, 2001). In the second hypothesis, PR practices are said to depend on the level of brand image. The brand image is seen as a factor that controls the connection between public relation and consumer allegiance. In the analysis, the results were split into groups of favorable and unfavorable brand image. It was revealed that a good brand image preserves customer allegiance while inauspicious brand image generates a harmful result to client fidelity (Ellen, Mohr, Webb, 2000). The management should always ensure that the brand image is improved through such avenues as advertising. Discussion of the Findings This study is dedicated to explaining the influence of PRP on customer loyalty since it has investigated how the attitudes towards a brand image affect the relationship. It has been discovered through research that when the brand image of an organization is strong, the PRP is likely to affect the customer loyalty positively. In the analysis of the results, it was also realized that when the perception of the customers is higher towards the PRP, the customer loyalty would also increase (Garbarino, Johnson, 1999). In the second hypothesis, the results indicate that brand image acceptance raises the level of customer loyalty towards a corporation. It is therefore suggested that the needs of consumers help in developing products and services of the company. It was concluded that the brand image, as well as the corporate image, could affect the attitudes and beliefs of the company either positively or negatively (Fredericks, Hurd Salter, 2001). The management of Citiba nk should come up with mechanisms that would help in improving its brand image. With an improved brand image, Citibank can increase its customer loyalty by influencing the perception of public relation towards the firm positively. Implications and Limitations The study explored the reasons as to why managers should enhance the brand in the improving the image of their organizations, which would help them to gain customer loyalty (Abdullah, Al-Nasser, Husain, 2000). The study has also expressed numerous details that affect brand image and the performance of the firm. Moreover, it analyzed the manner in which brand image influences consumer allegiance. Managers should enhance their brand images for the PR practices to achieve their intended goals (Homburg, Giering, 2001). This will have a positive ripple effect to the firm. The research had some limitations when. It was limited to customers of Citibank in its branches in New York. This is because of the limited time for conducting r esearch. The research was also limited to the financial industry. Further studies should be carried out based on this in order to prove the hypothesis further (Abdullah, Al-Nasser, Husain, 2000). Conclusion The management of Citibank has a big role to play in ensuring that they develop customer loyalty towards their brand. The management should ensure that it influences public relations perception towards their products. This would make customers develop a favorable perception towards the company brand. This would also increase customer loyalty towards the brand, a fact that will help the organization increase its market share in this industry. References Aaker, J.L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347-57. Abdullah, M., Al-Nasser, A.D., Husain, N. (2000). Evaluating functional relationship between image, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty using general maximum. Total Quality Management, 11(4), 826-9. Anderson, J.C., Gerbing, D. W. (2002). Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommenced two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-23. Belk, R. (2008). Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(1), 139-68. Brown, T.J., Dacin, P.A. (1997). The company and the product: corporate associations and consumer product responses. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68-84. Bruning, S.D., (2002). Relationship building as a retention strategy: linking relationship attitudes and satisfaction evaluations to behavioral outcomes. Public Relations Review, 28(1), 39-48. Chaudhuri, A., Holbrook, M.B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance the role of brand loyalty, Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81-93. Chiou, J.S., Droge, C. (2006). Service quality, trust, specific asset investment, and expertise: Direct and indirect effects in a satisfaction-loyalty framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing science, 34(4), 613-27. Clark, C.E. (2000). Differences between public relations and corporate social responsibility: an analysis. Public Relations Review, 26(3), 363-80. Devellis, R.F. (2001). Scale Development: Theories and Application. Newbury Park, CA. Sage. Dick, A.S., Basu, K. (2006). Customer loyalty: toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99-113. Dutton, J.E., Dukerich, H.M., Harquailn, C.V. (2004). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 239-63. Ekinci, Y., Riley, M. (2003). An investigation of self-concept: actual and ideal self-congruence compared in the contest of service evaluation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10(4), 201-14. Ellen, P.S., Mohr, L.A., Webb, D.J. (2000). Charitable programs and the retailer: do they mix? Journal of Retailing, 76(3), 393-406. Fredericks, J.O., Hurd, R.R., Salter, J.M. (2001). Connecting customer loyalty to financial results. Marketing Management, 10( 1), 26-32. Garbarino, E. Johnson, M.S. (1999). The difference roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70-87. Homburg, C., Giering, A. (2001). Personal characteristics as moderators of the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty-an empirical analysis. Psychology Marketing, 18(1), 43-66. Hsieh, A. Li, C. (2008). The moderating effect of brand image on public relations perception and customer loyalty. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 26(1), 26-42. 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