Quantitative Analysis Education Database Independent Organisation

Question: Background One of the biggest challenges in the higher education sector has been the recent growth of online universities. The Online Education Database is an independent organisation whose mission is to build a comprehensive list of accredited online colleges. The Excel spreadsheet (OnlineEdu.xlsx) contains data on the retention rate (%) and the graduation rate (%) for 29 online colleges in the United States. (a) Provide a descriptive analysis of the two variables (e.g., mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum). (b) Develop a scatter diagram with retention rate as the independent variable. What does the scatter diagram indicate about the relationship between the two variables? (c) Develop and estimate a regression equation that can be used to predict the graduation rate (%) given the retention rate (%). (d) State the estimated regression equation and interpret the meaning of the slope coefficient. (e) Is there a statistically significant association between graduation rate (%) and retention rate (%). What is your conclusion? (f) Did the regression equation provide a good fit? Explain. (g) Suppose you were the president of South University. After reviewing the results, would you have any concerns about the performance of your university compared to other online universities? (h) Suppose you were the president of the University of Phoenix. After reviewing the results, would you have any concerns about the performance of your university compared to other online universities? Your report needs to be structured as follows: (1) Purpose (2) Background (3) Method (4) Results (5) Discussion (6) Recommendations Answer: Is Graduation rate (%) is related to Retention rate (%)? Purpose Main aim of this study is to find the relation between the two variables; retention rate (%) and graduation rate (%). Through this study we would also like to explore the association between these two variables. Background Retention rate means the number of students converted to the percentage who persist to the next year of the college in which they enrol for the course. Eg: if a student enrols to first year of Bachelors degree in a college, he again joins the same college for the next year as well. Graduation rate means the number of students converted to percentage that completed and earned the bachelor degree within time limit. Generally 150% of the issued time limit is considered acceptable. Eg: 4 years bachelors degree completed by passing within 6 years of enrolment is counted and included in graduation rate. Recently much attention has been gained by Retention rates and Graduation rates. Many institutes providing higher education are recently focusing on improving their retention and graduation rates. They identified the key points which can improve retention rates and graduation rates at an institute (Hanover Research). The study published on IPEDS data found a not significant correlation between institute retention plans and graduation rate (Ronald Anthony Milon, 2006). Many of the studies were published which tried to find relation of retention rates and graduation rates with other environmental and social factors. None of the study tried to examine relation between retention rate and graduation rate. In this study we try to inspect relation between these two variables; retention rate and graduation rate. Method This study includes the data of 29 online education institutes of USA. The number of observations for this study is 29 and includes two variables. The two variables in the study, retention rates and graduation rates are continuous variables. These were described as mean and standard deviation. In addition, minimum and maximum were also calculated. To find the association between the variables correlation technique was used. Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated. To visually inspect the relation between the variables under the study scatter plot was plotted. To find the relation between the independent variable, retention rate (%) and dependent variable, graduation rate (%) regression analysis was carried out. Goodness of fit, Analysis of Variance and hypothesis testing for slope was also carried out. Value of Pearson correlation coefficient would lie between 0 to 1. Pearson correlation coefficient value close to 0 indicate no correlation and close to 1 indicates strong correlation. Value of goodness of fit (R-squared) will also lie between 0 to 1. Goodness of fit value close to 0 indicates poor fit and close to 1 indicates good fit. All the comparisons and hypothesis testing will be carried out at 5 % level of significance. Hypothesis for Analysis of Variance Ho: Regression model is not significant Ha: Regression model is significant Hypothesis for slope Ho: Slope is not different from zero Ha: Slope is different from zero The analysis was performed on MS Excel. Additionally, Excel Data Analysis Toolpak was used to perform correlation and regression. Results Data of retention rates and graduation rates were collected for 29 online colleges of USA. Analysis was performed on this data for the two variables, retention rate and graduation rate. Descriptive statistics for the variables retention rate and graduation rate is presented below. Table 1: Descriptive Statistics Retention Rate (%) Graduation Rate (%) Mean 57.41 41.76 SD 23.24 9.87 Min 4 25 Max 100 61 Average retention rate (%) of the 29 online colleges of USA is 57.41 % and graduation rate (%) of these 29 online colleges of USA is 41.76 %. Standard deviation for the retention rate is 23.24 % and Graduation rate is 9.87 %. Dispersion from mean is less observed in Graduation Rate than Retention Rate. Minimum Retention Rate of 4 % is for University of Phoenix and maximum Retention Rate of 100 % is for National University and Florida National College. Minimum Graduation Rate of 25 % was observed for South University and Western International University and maximum Graduation Rate of 61 % was observed for Florida National College. Association between the variables is visually inspected using the scatter plot presented below. The plot was plotted with retention rate as independent variable plotted on x axis and graduation rate as dependent variable plotted on y axis. Figure 1: Scatter plot with Retention rate as independent variable From the above plot we can observe a minor linear positive relationship. Thus, visually a linear relationship can be observed between the two variables. The line if drawn will not be inclined to an angle of 45 but neither it would be parallel to x axis. With increase in retention rate graduation rate also increases gradually. Correlation was carried out using Excel Data Analysis Toolpak. Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.67 was obtained. This implies that there is moderately positive linear relationship between the two variables which supports the visual results of scatter plot. Positive because correlation coefficient is positive value which implies increase in retention rate is correlated with increase in graduation rate and vice-versa. Moderate because the value is around 0.5. Regression analysis was carried out using Excel Data Analysis Toolpak. Regression analysis was carried out with retention rate as independent variable and graduation rate as dependent variable. Table 2: Linear Regression Results SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.670245 R Square 0.449228 Adjusted R Square 0.428829 Standard Error 7.456105 Observations 29 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 1224.286 1224.286 22.02211 6.95E-05 Residual 27 1501.024 55.5935 Total 28 2725.31 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Intercept 25.4229 3.746284 6.786166 2.74E-07 17.73616 33.10964 RR(%) 0.284526 0.060631 4.692772 6.95E-05 0.160122 0.40893 The R-square value of 0.4492 was obtained for the model. The R-square value implies the goodness of fit. Thus, it can be said that this model is moderately good fit which is in agreement with the correlation results. Goodness of fit is moderate because the value is around 0.5. This further implies that 44.92 % of variance in graduation rate is accounted for by the retention rate. This also implies that approximately 65 % of variance is not accounted by the model. Analysis of Variance was carried out to calculate the significance of the model. The p-value of Regression equation obtained from the regression result is Graduation Rate = 0.28*Retention Rate + 25.42 Value of the slope obtained from regression is 0.28 which indicates positive relation between the two variables. The value of slope implies that with unit increase in Retention rate 0.28 unit increases in graduation rate was observed. t-test was performed to explore the significance of slope. The slope was found highly significant with p-value of Thus, the results imply that there exist significant linear relationship between retention rate and graduation rate with moderate goodness fit of the model. Discussion In this study data of retention rates and graduation rates from 29 online colleges of USA were included and analysed with the aim to find relation between these two variables. Along with inspecting the relation, this study we also tried to find association between the two variables. Relation and association between these two continuous variables were visualised by plotting Scatter Plot. Average Retention Rate for the 29 online colleges was found greater than average Graduation Rate. It means number of students being retained or attend the college next year is greater than number of students completing their graduation. Average retention rate and average graduation rate in this study were found to be less than as reported by National Center for Education Statistics. National Center for Education Statistics also reported that higher graduation rate for females than males. Most selective institutions have higher retention rates compared to least selective institutions. Fernald (2011) reported retention rate of 89% and graduation rate of 78% for UC Santa Cruz which is quiet high from most of the colleges included in the study. Susan Wang (2011) reported that retention rate of Oregan State University for the Fall term 2009-2010 is 83.1% and graduation rate from 2004 to 2010 is 60.4%. A paper published by Florida State University Student Success Team states that graduation rate at public institute is 52.4%, much higher than average retention rate obtained in this study. Variation in retention rate is wider than in graduation rate. Minimum retention is 4 % which is very low while maximum retention rate is 100 %. But minimum graduation rate is 25 % and maximum graduation rate is 61 %. So, minimum graduation rate is greater than minimum retention rate while maximum graduation rate is lower than maximum retention rate. Moderately positive correlation was found between the two variables which is also supported by moderate goodness fit (R-squared) value. 44.92% of variation in graduation rate was accounted for by retention rate. So, approximately 55 % of variations are not explained by this model. Thus, there will be other environmental and social factors which affects graduation rate. Regression model was found to be significant based on Analysis of Variance results with significant slope. This means that these two variables share significant linear relationship and this relationship is not evident only by chance. This is also supported by the trend observed in the scatter plot. Value of slope obtained from regression equation display that unit increase in retention rate leads to 0.28 units increase in graduation rate. Thus, this study found moderate association between the two variables, retention rate and graduation rate, considered in the study. This study also found that there exist significant linear relationship between the two variables, retention rate and graduation rate, considered in the study. This study also found that graduation rate can be significantly predicted by retention rate. Graduation rate and retention rate are positively related. This study also found that there exist other factors which may affect graduation rate significantly as the fit of the model obtained in this study is moderately good. This study can be further extended by including all the colleges of USA and observe the trend. Also, various other factors which affect graduation rate should be studied and included. Recommendations As a President of South University I should implement strategies which would increase the graduation rate. South University have fairly good retention rate but graduation rate is poorest among other 27 online institutes included in the study. Measures should be taken to encourage student not only to continue to next year but also study well and complete their bachelors degree. As a President of University of Phoenix I should implement strategies which would increase the retention rate as well as the graduation rate. University of Phoenix have less graduation rate and retention rate is poorest among other 27 online institutes included in the study. And this retention rate is very poor, of only 4 %. If the University has part time faculty or faculty attrition rate is high then measures should be taken to retain teachers and professors as well. Many studies reported that not changing faculty members are also one of the reasons for low student retention rate. Some serious measures to be taken to motivate students to return to next year and also to complete the graduation rate. References 1) Institutional Retention and Graduation Rates for Undergraduate Students. National Center for Education Statistics. (Last Updated: May 2014) Available from: https://nces.ed.gov/programs/coe/indicator_cva.asp (Accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 2) Julian L. Fernald (2011). WHO LEAVES UC SANTA CRUZ AND WHEN? RETENTION AND GRADUATION AMONG FRESHMEN COHORTS. Available from: https://planning.ucsc.edu/irps/Enrollmt/retain/RetentionStudy(Dec2011).pdf (accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 3) Practical Steps to Improving Retention and Graduation Rates. Florida State University Student Success Team. Available from: www.hawaii.edu/offices/app/hgi/EDI_02-2013/PracticalStepsFinal.pdf (Accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 4) HANOVER RESEARCH (2011). Improving Student Retention and Graduation Rates. Available from: www.mybrcc.edu/intranet/attachments/article/110/Improving%20Student%20Retention%20and%20Graduation%20Rates.pdf (Accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 5) Ronald Anthony Milon (2006). The Relationship Between Institutional Retention Plans and Retention Rates. Chapter 4 Data Collection Analysis (Page 75). Available from : https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3lvGweq5jVgCprintsec=frontcover#v=onepageqf=false (Accessed on 07 Jan 2015) 6) Susan Wang (2011). Retention and Graduation Rate Report Cohort Classes: Fall Term 1994 Fall Term 2009. Oregon State University. Available from: https://oregonstate.edu/ase/firstyear/sites/default/files/pdfs/retention-graduation-summary.pdf.pdf (Accessed on 07 Jan 2011)

Employees Roads and Maritime Services †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Employees Roads and Maritime Services. Answer: Introduction This paper focuses on a case of RMS Roads and Maritime Services to outline opportunities that HRD provide to current and future employees. The second section conducts an assessment to the extent to which knowledge about informal learning has succeeded in influencing RMS HRD practices. RMS offers opportunities that make employees take their career to new heights. Management creates generous working conditions where everyone can become a forward-thinking person (RMS, 2018). Such projects make employees learn best ways of contributing towards their communities. Nurturing leaders the company provides an environment for newly recruited employees to nurture their talents of becoming future leaders. It offers on job training, supervision, and assigning roles such as team leadership. Performance planning RMS offers an environment for employees to go through the formal process of discussion, identification, and planning of personal goals. Employees identify their personal goals that require their capability to achieve as well as develop skills for decision-making. Networking RMS organize teamwork where members get to network and know one another. Currently, RMS offers an opportunity where employees work as teams as well as assigning supervisors to every team. Such an environment allows diversified groups of employees from different cultural background to interact with one another. Consequently, it strengthens Knowledge about informal learning at the workplace brings about numerous complexities how managers develop employees. Garrick (2001) outlines that definitional complexities relating to informal learning involve learning from experience, learning from context, strengthening informal and incidental learning, reflecting, and tacit dimensions of knowledge. Such definitions show that employees could go through non-intentional learning practices to acquire knowledge. Stewart, McGoldrick, and Watson (2001) link the knowledge about informal learning to autonomous, self-directed, and independency that occurs without participating in externally instructional programs. The knowledge about informal learning has influenced the organization's HRD practices of RMS managers in terms of how they define, design, and execute comprehensive learning strategies among employees. Managers now form different teams, assist them in planning and establishing. They are now able to maintain communities of practice (CoP) (Bowness and Gram, 2010). RMS finds CoP as the best way of assisting team members share common individual goals. Consequently, members are able to create and share knowledge for personal development. Personnel at the company focus on individual achievements as we as teams. RMS adopts action-learning practices to achieve informal learning for personal development. Bowness and Gram (2010)human resource personnel can implement HRD practices by organizing small teams to work together to solve real workplace tasks and problems. Management supports natural learning processes. The process makes employees to learn themselves by doing and reflecting about their and results from their actions. Consequently, employees are able to make their own needed adjustments at a personal level without following planned programs. Yanchar and Hawkley (2015) explain that informal learning has influenced how managers develop learning action plans. Managers integrate action plans of learning and working by scheduling time for all programmed learning activities to occur simultaneously with other regular job responsivities. Managers at RMS now associate learning activities with timeframes and objectives. Even though HRD practices RMS now adopts a number of informal learning assets beyond classroom programs. Management use organization knowledge to develop digital as well as paper-based tools. Management now relies on formal programs to create templates and small content them feed them to the company website as articles. Employees can now rely on such resources as their assets for informal learning. Their availability on demand depends on how employees go through them as refresher jobs to assist those returning on their jobs. Such materials also assist employees that missed to attend some formal events. Garrick (2001) theorizes the best way that managers could make informal learning become effective in an environment where every human resource personnel prefers planned programs as their instructional manuals. Garrick Suggests that managers can now adopt processes of receiving feedback, encouraging the formation of teamwork for individual learning, creating and posting contents on company websites, networking, and mentoring through team leaders. Conclusion RMS design different HRD programs to restructure and downsize employees to work in teams. Consequently, they design programs that allow employees to gain new skills to solve problems and make decisions. Additionally, employees develop their personal skills for leadership, negotiation, resolution conflict, and listening. However, knowledge about informal learning has influenced HRD practices. References Garrick, J 2001. Informal learning in the workplace: Unmasking human resource development. Taylor and Francis Grieves, J 2003. Strategic human resource development. SAGE RMS Roads and Maritime Services, 2018. Working with us. https://www.rms.nsw.gov.au/about/careers/working-with-us/index.html. Accessed on April 10, 2018 Stewart, J, McGoldrick, J, Watson, S 2001. Understanding human resource development: A research-based approach. Psychology Press Yanchar, SC, Hawkley, MN 2015, 'Instructional Design and Professional Informal Learning: Practices, Tensions, and Ironies', Journal of Educational Technology Society, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 424-434.

Research Brand Performance

Abstract This research paper seeks to investigate the relationship between customers’ perception of public relation and customers’ loyalty. The research will also investigate the role played by the brand image in shaping customer perception towards the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Research Brand Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Research Design/methodology- The research will use both primary and secondary sources of data. The primary data will be collected from a sample of customers of City Bank with the help of a questionnaire. The research will use two hypotheses. Findings- The results of the study evidently demonstrate that the sensitivity of clients towards organization’s public relation practice is an indication of their devotion. From the research, it is clear that when there is a favorable brand image among customers, public relation perception will always h ave a heavy impact on customer loyalty. Research limitations/implication- This research seeks to expound on the existing research as regards to customer loyalty. The researcher faced the problem of unwillingness since some respondents were unwilling to answer questions. Originality- The researcher was concerned with coming up with an original piece of research that could be applied in a real life scenario. Keywords- Brand image, Public relation, Customer loyalty, Customer relations, Finance industry, financial services, the United States Introduction According to Hsieh and Li (2008), there is a direct relationship between customer perception of public relation and customer loyalty. These scholars hold that when a customer has a positive perception of public relations of a firm, he or she will tend to be loyal to that firm. This loyalty will further enhance a positive perception of the public relation of the firm.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Brand image plays a moderating role in this relationship. When a firm has a strong brand image in the market, the perception of the public would always be influenced positively towards the firm, and this will increase loyalty of the customers towards the firm (Hsieh Li, 2008). The role of marketing in creating and maintaining a pool of loyal customers is becoming more prominent in the twenty fist century. Marketers are under pressure to ensure that loyalty among customers is established. Customer loyalty is always considered a central pillar in marketing activities of the organization. This is because without customer loyalty, it may not be easy to maintain a positive image of a firm in the market. When a company is able to develop, maintain, and enhance customer loyalty, it gains a competitive edge in the market hence acquiring the opportunity to increase its market share in the market. Customer loyalty can al so enhance the image of the organization through positive word of mouth, which in turn leads to increased profit margins for the company. Scholars define public relations as the management function, which aims at identifying, establishing, and enhancing mutual benefits between the firm and its public. This would determine the failure or the success of the company. Loyal customers are said to enjoy the public relations practices of the company as compared to those customers who buy and go without staying for long in their in the company. It is essential for the customers to be aware of the organization-public relation since this will promote customer loyalty in the organization, which would lead to increased number of sales (Aaker, 1997). A recent study shows that there is intense competition in the finance industry. Numerous financial institutions are in existence meaning that competition is stiff (Chaudhuri, and Holbrook, 2001). The management of Citibank should come up with strate gies that would enable it manage this competition. Developing a public relations system would help in increasing the company’s customer loyalty. This essay aims at explaining the relationship between the brand image, public relations practices, and customer loyalty with focus on offering a professional advice to Citibank on how to enhance customer loyalty.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Research Brand Performance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Literature Review and Hypothesis The finance industry is increasingly becoming competitive. Financial firms are under pressure to deliver more quality services to their customer in order to increase satisfaction (Belk, 2008). This quality is always formed in the minds of consumers. Public relation is important in influencing customer perception as regards to a given brand (Anderson, Gerbing, 2002). The figure below shows the relationship between public relations perception of customers, customer loyalty, and brand image, which is the basis of this research. From the diagram above, public relations perception is shown to have a direct impact on customer loyalty. The brand image plays a role of moderating the operations of the public relations opinion and customer constancy. This can be illustrated with the help of the literature review below. Clark (2000) stipulated that self-congruence theory rest on the idea that consumers evaluate the products of a company in relation to their self-image. When the congruence between the two is perceived to be high, it has been revealed that it influences the attitude of customers towards the brand. It also influences the decision made by customers in purchasing the product, as well as determining the satisfaction of customers. On the other hand, when there is incongruence, consumers are likely to withdraw from purchasing the products and services of the organization simply because they will fear to be a ssociated with the negative image of the organization (Chaudhuri, Holbrook, 2001). An individual’s self-concept embraces various self-identities, which range from personal identities to social identities. In the studies that have been conducted before, it has been proved that when public relations practices is strong there is an increased demand for social identity, which in return leads to increased self-congruence (Bruning, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Public relations practices are therefore entitled to create a profile brand association whereby customers of the organization have to be perceived as generous and kind. They also seek to establish a brand personality where the brand personality is portrayed as being sincere (Brown, Dacin, 1997). From the study, it is patent that self-congruence and customer expectations are realized with the help of the top management as expressed through public relations. In this case, if the customer self-concept match with the PR actions, customers are likely to be attached to the company for a long period (Dick, Basu, 2006). These scholars observed that public perception towards public relations would always influence customer loyalty. This leads to the first hypothesis below. Customer perception towards public relations (PRP) will be positively related to customer loyalty In this hypothesis, psychologists hold the view that the memory of an individual lasts for a very long period meaning that once the information received is stored in it, the information it is likely to stay for a considerable duration. In the field of marketing, this is referred as the halo effect whereby the influence of a particular attribute is influenced by the general impression of the product as a whole on one hand while on the other hand, the evaluation of an attribute as a whole can create an effect on particular aspects of the object. This therefore proves that maintaining cognitive consistence helps in deterring cognitive differences (Dutton, Dukerich, Harquailn, 2004).This indicates that when the brand image of an organization is favorable, the customers, who in return maintain the positive beliefs, and behaviors, will perceive the public relations practices as genuine hence harmonizing the reputation of the company. However, when consumers perceive brand image in their cognitive processes as unfavorable, it becomes difficult for the PR practices to change this perception. When there is inc onsistency in the memory of customers, they would likely develop a psychological tendency of balanced differences, which creates fear on customers hence a go slow in consuming products and services of that particular company (Ekinci Riley, 2003). This would lead to the formulation of the second hypothesis, which is stated as below. The relationship between PRP and customer loyalty is moderated by brand image Research Methodology The data of the research were collected from experienced customers of Citibank in the New York branches. This essay looks into the financial firms, as they are the ones, which dictate maximum public relations practices as compared to the manufacturing industry. The research was conducted in a form of interviews where the sampled customers were asked questions related to insurance companies familiar to them (Chiou and Droge, 2006). In the research, PRP was considered an independent variable, which was measured in terms of the manner in which customers percei ve the commitment of the corporation in terms of time, resources, and efforts towards generating public relations activities. Brand image on the other hand was used as the moderating variable. In this case, the brand image was measured in terms of experiential benefits, symbolic benefits, and as functional benefits (Ellen, Mohr, Webb, 2000). During research, several factors were controlled for the results obtained to be perceived as valid. The controlled factors included sex of respondents, disposable income, altruism, and age. In the study, altruism was considered the act of utilitarianism, which aims at promoting the welfare of others. In the issue of validity and reliability, the study used various approaches in the analysis of data collected, which includes confirmatory factor analysis, exploratory and reliability analysis (Devellis, 2001). Analysis of the Results The results obtained in the research were tested through hierarchical regression. This was aimed at proving the hyp otheses that were presented in the study. In relation to the four controlled factors used in the research, it was discovered that altruistic and disposable income variables created an effect on the consumer loyalty. This indicates that commitment of an organization towards PR activities is likely to increase customer purchases, as well as refer other people to buy company products (Homburg, Giering, 2001). In the second hypothesis, PR practices are said to depend on the level of brand image. The brand image is seen as a factor that controls the connection between public relation and consumer allegiance. In the analysis, the results were split into groups of favorable and unfavorable brand image. It was revealed that a good brand image preserves customer allegiance while inauspicious brand image generates a harmful result to client fidelity (Ellen, Mohr, Webb, 2000). The management should always ensure that the brand image is improved through such avenues as advertising. Discussion of the Findings This study is dedicated to explaining the influence of PRP on customer loyalty since it has investigated how the attitudes towards a brand image affect the relationship. It has been discovered through research that when the brand image of an organization is strong, the PRP is likely to affect the customer loyalty positively. In the analysis of the results, it was also realized that when the perception of the customers is higher towards the PRP, the customer loyalty would also increase (Garbarino, Johnson, 1999). In the second hypothesis, the results indicate that brand image acceptance raises the level of customer loyalty towards a corporation. It is therefore suggested that the needs of consumers help in developing products and services of the company. It was concluded that the brand image, as well as the corporate image, could affect the attitudes and beliefs of the company either positively or negatively (Fredericks, Hurd Salter, 2001). The management of Citiba nk should come up with mechanisms that would help in improving its brand image. With an improved brand image, Citibank can increase its customer loyalty by influencing the perception of public relation towards the firm positively. Implications and Limitations The study explored the reasons as to why managers should enhance the brand in the improving the image of their organizations, which would help them to gain customer loyalty (Abdullah, Al-Nasser, Husain, 2000). The study has also expressed numerous details that affect brand image and the performance of the firm. Moreover, it analyzed the manner in which brand image influences consumer allegiance. Managers should enhance their brand images for the PR practices to achieve their intended goals (Homburg, Giering, 2001). This will have a positive ripple effect to the firm. The research had some limitations when. It was limited to customers of Citibank in its branches in New York. This is because of the limited time for conducting r esearch. The research was also limited to the financial industry. Further studies should be carried out based on this in order to prove the hypothesis further (Abdullah, Al-Nasser, Husain, 2000). Conclusion The management of Citibank has a big role to play in ensuring that they develop customer loyalty towards their brand. The management should ensure that it influences public relations perception towards their products. This would make customers develop a favorable perception towards the company brand. This would also increase customer loyalty towards the brand, a fact that will help the organization increase its market share in this industry. References Aaker, J.L. (1997). Dimensions of brand personality. Journal of Marketing Research, 34(3), 347-57. Abdullah, M., Al-Nasser, A.D., Husain, N. (2000). Evaluating functional relationship between image, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty using general maximum. Total Quality Management, 11(4), 826-9. Anderson, J.C., Gerbing, D. W. (2002). Structural equation modeling in practice: a review and recommenced two-step approach. Psychological Bulletin, 103(3), 411-23. Belk, R. (2008). Possessions and the extended self. Journal of Consumer Research, 15(1), 139-68. Brown, T.J., Dacin, P.A. (1997). The company and the product: corporate associations and consumer product responses. Journal of Marketing, 61(1), 68-84. Bruning, S.D., (2002). Relationship building as a retention strategy: linking relationship attitudes and satisfaction evaluations to behavioral outcomes. Public Relations Review, 28(1), 39-48. Chaudhuri, A., Holbrook, M.B. (2001). The chain of effects from brand trust and brand affect to brand performance the role of brand loyalty, Journal of Marketing, 65(2), 81-93. Chiou, J.S., Droge, C. (2006). Service quality, trust, specific asset investment, and expertise: Direct and indirect effects in a satisfaction-loyalty framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing science, 34(4), 613-27. Clark, C.E. (2000). Differences between public relations and corporate social responsibility: an analysis. Public Relations Review, 26(3), 363-80. Devellis, R.F. (2001). Scale Development: Theories and Application. Newbury Park, CA. Sage. Dick, A.S., Basu, K. (2006). Customer loyalty: toward an integrated conceptual framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99-113. Dutton, J.E., Dukerich, H.M., Harquailn, C.V. (2004). Organizational images and member identification. Administrative Science Quarterly, 39(2), 239-63. Ekinci, Y., Riley, M. (2003). An investigation of self-concept: actual and ideal self-congruence compared in the contest of service evaluation. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 10(4), 201-14. Ellen, P.S., Mohr, L.A., Webb, D.J. (2000). Charitable programs and the retailer: do they mix? Journal of Retailing, 76(3), 393-406. Fredericks, J.O., Hurd, R.R., Salter, J.M. (2001). Connecting customer loyalty to financial results. Marketing Management, 10( 1), 26-32. Garbarino, E. Johnson, M.S. (1999). The difference roles of satisfaction, trust, and commitment in customer relationships. Journal of Marketing, 63(2), 70-87. Homburg, C., Giering, A. (2001). Personal characteristics as moderators of the relationship between customer satisfaction and loyalty-an empirical analysis. Psychology Marketing, 18(1), 43-66. Hsieh, A. Li, C. (2008). The moderating effect of brand image on public relations perception and customer loyalty. Marketing Intelligence Planning, 26(1), 26-42. This essay on Research Brand Performance was written and submitted by user Jaylee Francis to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Australians response to the Cold War essays

Australians response to the Cold War essays Cold War is the term used to describe the tensions from about 1945 between the USSR and Eastern Europe on the one hand and the USA and Western Europe on the other. Cold War can be seen in the disagreements between the USSR and the Western allies during World War 2, especially over the future structure of Eastern Europe. As Europe was divided into East and West, the USSR creates communism in Eastern Europe, whilst the West remains Capitalist. Australia felt that the communism could be a threat and so Prime Minister Menzies sought a major US presence and manoeuvred Australia into a position of being invited to send military help during the Vietnam War. At the end of World War 2, Australia and other Western countries were concerned, as communism swept across the world. The Soviet Union controlled Eastern Europe and in 1949 China became communist. In 1950 communist North Korea attacked the non communist country of South Korea. The Cold War developed between the East and the West and the USA introduced a policy of containment to stop the spread of communism. The Australian Prime minister Robert Menzies believed that communism was a threat to Australia as several union leaders were communists and there had been a series of serious strikes in the late 1940's. He introduced a law to ban the Communist Party, however this law was challenged and dismissed in the high court. In 1951 Menzies held a referendum to legalise the banning of the Communist Party. The result was a narrow NO vote. In the years that followed, Menzies called for a Royal Commission to investigate alleged Soviet spying in Australia, after being warned by a defector named Vladimir Petrov. Soviet officials tried to force Petrov back to the Soviet Union, but he was allowed to remain in Australia and given political asylum. The Labour Party tried to use the Petrov affair to gain votes in the 1954 election. The Royal Commission found that there was no Soviet Spy Ring in Aust ...

Growing Importance of India For Investors (ie, India is the next Essay

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Analysis of relationship marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Analysis of relationship marketing - Essay Example "All too often, many of us go to the dealer with the idea that we'll get the best deal for our money, only to be tricked and manipulated into paying more or buying a model that we don't want. In tact, African Americans consistently overpay--an average of $315 more than other car purchasers--according to a study done of 750,000 actual purchases in 1999 and early 2000 by the National Bureau of Economic Research" (Jackson, Car Buying 101: Buying a New Car in a Few Simple Steps, 2004: 195). The above mentioned statement automatically shows the importance of a website that provides a service through which a customer would buy a car that he/she wants and that with the terms decided, and there when the importance of Edmunds.com is identified, Edmunds.com includes all the data on the new and used cars, from features to the prices of cars, from test drive videos to the tips to maintain such cars, almost every thing appears on the website, including the ways through which "you" can become car's owner, it includes ownership plans, the leasing and all useful material. Few good features of the company include the information through the wireless edmunds.com, the site know as Edmunds2Go!, which is accesible through the PDAs and internet enabled cell phones, another benefit the visitors get is that the company circulates free email newsletters to its voluntary subscribers, another most thrilling feature that is used by the edmunds.com in the most impressive way is its true market value pricing tools, actually launched in the year 2000, "The Edmunds.com True Market Value New Vehicle Calculator provides the estimated average price consumers are currently paying when buying new vehicles. The Edmunds.com True Market Value Used Vehicle Appraiser estimates the actual transaction prices for used vehicles bought and sold by dealers and private parties" ( from Wikipedia, free encyclopedia). So it is the best what company can provide with in its limit to the visitors, the best outcome of launching such tool is that, people from all around the world now log in to find the actual prices of cars all around the world, it is perhaps the best service an automotive website can provide, it is considered to be the most innovative idea by the web operators to bring such a change in the website, the other such online services and tools include TMV new vehicle calculator which estimates the price that the buyers are paying to the dealer for the ownership of new vehicles, TMV finance rate estimator which gives the idea of how much of loan can be obtained and what is in relation to it and the ownership of car, Edmunds.com has another feature added recently which shows how much it would cost if the buyer would buy a car in full terms ownership, it is known as True Cost to Own SM

Characterizing Novel Methoxybenzene via Boron-ate Complex

Characterizing Novel Methoxybenzene via Boron-ate Complex Synthesis and Characterization of Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene via Boron-ate Complex Habib Hussain[*], Syeda Rubina Gilani, Zulfiqar Ali, Imdad Hussain, Hajira Rehman   Abstract: Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene was synthesized through boron-ate complex. 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl diisopropylcarbamate was reacted with allylboronic acid pinacol ester in the presence of N,N,N,N-tetramethylethyllenediamine (TMEDA) to give secondary boronic ester which was further reacted with (vinylsulfonyl)benzene by using Grubbs Hoveyda II. Resulting product (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane was then treated with 1-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene in the presence of n-BuLi to get nucleophilic boron-ate complex. (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene was obtained in excellent yields by stirring boron-ate complex at 50oC for 1h and refluxing for 15h. Keywords: Lithiation Borylation, Secondary Boronic Ester, Olefin Cross Metathesis, 1-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene , Boron-ate Complex 1. Introduction Olefin metathesis chemistry1 has led a number of opportunities in organic synthesis. Olefin metathesis2involves the redistribution of fragments ofalkenes by regeneration of carbon-carbondouble bonds. There are numerous applications of olefin metathesis and it is an important methodology to produce reagents. Addition of aryl lithium reagents to secondary boronic esters results to a new class of chiral organometallic-type reagents which have broad utility in asymmetric organic synthesis. R. Larouche-Gauthier3 formed intermediate boron-ate complex by adding an aryllithium reagent to a secondary boronic ester. It behaved as a chiral nucleophile and maximum enantioselectivity was found by using electron withdrawing groups on aryllithium. Habib Hussain4 studied the effect of steric bulk of aryllithium on stereoselectivity of boron-ate complexes. Hoffmann5 obtained chiral Grignard reagents from sulfoxides Mg exchange reaction of halosulfoxides. Herbert C. Brown6 investigated iodination of the ate- complexes from various B-alkoxyborinane derivatives and 1-alkynyllithium. E. Vedejs7 synthesized ate- complexes which contained stereogenic boron by reacting trivalent boranes with nucleophiles. They noticed that stability of ate-complex depend upon the electronegativity of substituents attached to b oron. Ryschkewitsch, G. E8 resolved chiral boron-ate complexes by classical methods. Anna Bernardi 9 determined the role of ate-complxes im aldol stereoselectivity. In the recent paper, we reported the synthesis of Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene (7). It was characterized by IR, 1H, 13C and ms. Lithiation-Borylation was used to synthesize the secondary boronic ester and by using olefin cross metathesis, it gave (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane when reacted with (vinylsulfonyl)benzene. (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane was converted into ate-complex when on heating produced the desired product. 2. Experimental Section 2.1. Materials: n-butyllithium (nBuLi), sec. butyllithium solution (sBuLi) (1.6M), pinacol, N,N,N,N-tetramethylethyllenediamine (TMEDA), (vinylsulfonyl)benzene, Grubbs Hoveyda II and 1-bromo-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. All reagents were used as such as received. To avoid from moisture diethyl ether (Et2O) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) were dried with 4 A ° molecular sieves. The experiments were performed using schlenk line under nitrogen atmosphere in the absence of air and moisture. 2.2. Synthesis and Characterization of 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3): To a solution of 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)propyl diisopropylcarbamate (1.0g, 3.41mmol, 1.0eq) (1) and N,N,N,N-tetramethylethyllenediamine (TMEDA) (0.61mL, 4.09mmol, 1.2eq) (2a) in Et2O (17mL) at -78oC, Sec. BuLi (1.6M in 92:8 cyclohexane/hexane, 2.9mL, 3.75mmol, 1.1eq) was dropwise added and stirred for 5h at -78oC. Then allylboronic acid pinacol ester (0.77mL, 4.09mmol, 1.2eq) (2) was dropwise added to the reaction mixture and further stirred at -78oC for 1h and allowed to warm to room temperature. At this stage, a solution of MgBr2.OEt2 in Et2O, made as follows, was added to the reaction mixture. [At room temperature, 1,2-dibromoethane (0.60mL, 6.88mmol, 1.0eq) was added into a suspension of magnesium (0.17g, 6.88mmol, 1.0eq) in Et2O (8.6mL). The reaction flask was further stirred for 2h after placing into a water bath in order to control the moderate exotherm]. Biphasic mixture having two layers thus obtained was added to the former reaction mixture via syringe and then refluxed for 16h . After cooling the reaction mixture to room temperature it was quenched with water. Et2O was added, the layers were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O. The combined organic layers were washed with 1N HCl, 1N NaOH, water and brine, dried (MgSO4), concentrated and purified by column chromatography (SiO2) and pure (R)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3) (0.84g, 77.60%) was obtained as colorless oil. The reaction is given in Figure 1. 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 7.09 (2H, d, J=8.80 Hz, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.81 (2H, d, J=8.80 Hz, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 5.86 – 5.75 (1H, m, CH=CH2) 5.04 (1H, d, J=2.20 Hz, CH=CHH) 4.94 (1H, d, J=10.27 Hz, CH=CHH) 3.78 (3H, s, OCH3) 2.63 2.48 (2H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 2.27 2.11 (2H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 1.78 1.58 (2H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 1.25 (12H, s, 4 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ CH3) 1.08 1.18 (1H, m, ArCH2CH2CHBCH2) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 157.6 (1C, -OCH3), 138.4 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH), 135.0 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH), 129.2 (1C, ArC-O), 114.9 (1C, -CH2CH=CH2), 113.6 (1C, -CHb=CH2), 83.0 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ C(CH3)2), 55.2 (1C, ArCCH2), 35.3 (1C, CH2CH2CHB), 34.5 (1C, -CH2CHB), 33.1 (1C, -CHBCH2CH), 24.9 (1C, -CH2CH2CHB), 24.8 (4C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ (CH3)2C). 11B NMR (96.23 MHz, None) ÃŽ ´ ppm 33.24 IR (film): ÃŽ ½ (cm–1) 3026 (sp2C-H Stretch), 2977, 2924, 2852 (sp3 C-H Stretch), 1511, 1456(sp2 C=C Stretch), 1243, 1175, 1142 (sp3C-O Stretch), 846, 822, 670 (sp2 C-H oop bending). 2.3. Synthesis and Characterization of (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5): Grubbs-Hoveyda II (4a) (3.9mg, 0.0063mmol, 0.05eq) was added to a solution of 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3) (40mg, 0.126 mmol, 1.0eq) and (vinylsulfonyl)benzene (4) (0.0635g, 0.378mmol, 3.0eq) in CH2Cl2 (2mL). After fitting a condenser to the flask, reaction mixture was refluxed for 15h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was then reduced in volume to 0.5mL and purified directly on a silica gel column eluting with 9:1 Pet. Ether/ EtOAc to provide the desired product (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5) as dark brown solid (0.0438g, 77.25%)10. m.p. 82.0oC 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 7.88-7.84 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 7.62-7.56 (1H, m, , 1 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 7.54-7.48 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 7.05-6.99 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.96 (1H, t, J=6.97 Hz, CH2-CH=CH) 6.84-6.77 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.31 (1H, dt, J=15.16, 1.47 Hz, CH2-CH=CH) 3.78 (3H, s, -CH3) 2.59-2.45 (2H, m, CH2-CH2-CHB) 2.43-2.26 (2H, m, CH2-CHB-CH2) 1.77-1.66 (1H, m, CH2-CHB-CHH) 1.63-1.53 (1H, m, CH2-CHB-CHH) 1.27-1.21 (1H, m, CH2-CHB-CH2) 1.18 (12 H, s, 4 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ CH3) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 157.7 (1C, ArC-O) 146.9 (1C, ArC-S) 140.8 (1C, CH=CH-S) 134.2 (1C, CH=CH-S) 133.1 (1C, ArC-CH2) 130.6 (1C, ArCH) 129.2 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 129.1 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 127.5 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 113.7 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 83.4 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ C(CH3)2) 55.2 (1C, OCH3) 34.1 (1C, CH2CHBCH2) 33.1 (1C, CH2CH2CHB) 32.8 (4C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ (CH3)2C) 24.8 (1C, -CHBCH2CH) 24.7 (1C, CH2CH2CHB) 11B NMR (96.23 MHz, None) ÃŽ ´ ppm 33.24 IR (film): ÃŽ ½ (cm–1) 2977, 2924 (sp3 C-H Stretch), 1511, 1446(sp2 C=C Stretch), 1244, 1176, 1141 (sp3C-O Stretch), 822, 730, 687 (sp2 C-H oop bending). 2.4. Synthesis and Characterization of (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene (7): To a solution of 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3Br (24.6mg, 0.084mmol, 1.2eq) in THF (1.9mL) at -78oC was added n-BuLi (1.6M in hexanes, 0.053mL, 0.084mmol, 1.2eq) dropwise. The mixture was stirred for 1 hr at -78oC before a solution of boronic ester (32mg, 0.070mmol, 1.0eq) in THF (1.5mL) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30min at -78oC and 30min at room temperature to form boron-ate complex which was further heated at 50oC for 1 hr and refluxed for 15hr. Reaction was quenched with water, EtOAc was added and layers were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc. Then layers were combined, washed with brine, dried (MgSO4), concentrated. The crude mixture was finally purified by column chromatography (SiO2, 2:1 Pet.Ether/EtOAc) to get desired product as colorless oil (19.87mg, 62.10%). 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 7.14-7.07 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.85 6.80 (2H, m, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArH) 6.30 (1H, dt, J=17.00, 10.21 Hz, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 6.12-5.97 (1H, m, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 5.78-5.69 (1H, m, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 5.21-5.06 (1H, m, CH=CHH) 4.99-4.95 (1H, m, CH=CHH) 3.79 (3H, s, -CH3) 2.70-2.60 (2H, m, CH2CH2CH) 2.52-2.33 (2H, m, CH2CH2CH) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3) ÃŽ ´ ppm 157.7 (1C, ArC-O) 137.0 (1C, CH=CH2) 133.7 (1C, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 132.0 (1C, ArC-CH2) 129.5 (1C, CH=CH-CH=CH2) 129.1 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 114.9 (1C, CH=CH2) 113.6 (2C, 2 à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ´ ArCH) 55.1 (1C, CH3) 34.6 (1C, CH2CH2CH) 34.5 (1C, CH2CH2CH) IR (film): ÃŽ ½ (cm–1) 2955, 2921, 2852 (sp3 C-H Stretch), 1737, 1461(sp2 C=C Stretch), 1277, 1184, 1137 (sp3C-O Stretch), 967, 805 (sp2 C-H oop bending). HRMS (ESI) calcd. for C13H17O [M+H]+ 189.1279, found 189.1287. 2.5. Equipments 1H and 13C spectral measurements were done by using Varian NMR (400 MHz) spectrometer (model DMX 400). For protons, the chemical shifts were measured relative to tetramethylsilane (TMS) at d = 0 ppm. 3. Results and Discussion Starting material 2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (3) has been synthesized as colorless oil in excellent yields (77.6%) (table 1, entry 1) by using Lithiation-Borylation methodology; Carbamate (1) was reacted with pinacol (2) by using TMEDA (2a) at suitable conditions (fig.1). Spectral studies proved the structure as mentioned in literature11. By using application of olefin cross metathesis, boronic ester (3) was then reacted with (vinylsulfonyl)benzene (4) to give (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5) as dark brown solid. Yield was again excellent (table 1, entry 2) for this reaction. Table 1: Physical states and yields Entry Substances Physical States Melting points Yield (%) 1 Colorless oil 77.60 2 Dark brown solid 82.0oC 77.25 3 Colorless oil 62.10 Boron-ate complex (6) which acted as nucleophile was synthesized by reacting (E)-2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-6-(phenylsulfonyl)hex-5-en-3-yl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane (5) with aryllithium (5a). Boron-ate complex (6) showed best nucleophilic character by using 3,5-(CF3)2C6H3Br (5a) as aryllithium11 and it was then stirred at 50oC for 1hr and then refluxed for 15hrs and desired product (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene (7) was collected. 4. Conclusions: Novel (E)-1-(hexa-3,5-dien-1-yl)-4-methoxybenzene has been synthesized through a novel route and characterized by spectral techniques like IR, 1H, 13C and ms. Boron-ate complex was successfully converted into aromatic dienes. This novel synthetic route resulted in excellent yields. Acknowledgment: Authors gratefully acknowledge financial support to the work by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan and moreover authors acknowledge the Department of Chemistry, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore-Pakistan and Superior University Lahore-Pakistan for guidance, research and laboratory facilities. References: Grubbs, R. H.; Chang, S. Tetrahedron 1998, 54, 4413–4450 Astruc D. New J. Chem., 2005, 29, 42-56. R. Larouche-Gauthier, T.G. Elford and V.K. Aggarwal, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 2011,133, 16794. Habib Hussain, Syeda Rubina Gilani, Zulfiqar Ali and Imdad Hussain, Asian Journal of Chemistry; 2013, 25, 17, 9965-9969 Hoffmann, R. W. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2003, 32, 225. Herbert C. Brown, D. Basavaiah, and N. G. Bhat, D. Basavaiah, and N. G. Bhat, J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 4518-4521 E. Vedejs, S. C. Fields, S. Lin, and M. R. Schrimpf, J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3028-3034. Ryschkewitsch, G. E.; Garrett, J. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1968, 90, 7234. Anna Bernardi, Angiolina Comotti, Cesare Gennari, Cheryl T. Hewkin, Jonathan M. Goodman, Achim Schlapbach and Ian Paterson, Tetrahedron 50, 4, 1227-1242, 1994. Bruce H. Lipshutz, Subir Ghorai, Zarko V. Boskovic, Tetrahedron, 64, 29, 2008, 6949-6954. Habib Hussain, Syeda Rubina Gilani, Zulfiqar Ali and Imdad Hussain, Asian Journal of Chemistry, In Press. [*]Corresponding Author: Habib Hussain